The system was also instituted in Spain's only major colony in the Asia-Pacific region, the Philippines. Cause & Effect: The cause of the Encomienda system was the Spanish crown offering land and Indian slaves to conquistadors going to the new world. Under repartimiento, workers provided two to three weeks of labor per year to colonists. Who benefitted the most from the encomienda system? Cause & Effect: The cause of the Encomienda system was the Spanish crown offering land and Indian slaves to conquistadors going to the new world. Encomienda was imposed in Hispaniola by Nicolas de Ovando, the third governor of that colony, soon after he arrived in 1502. The system did not entail any direct land tenure by the encomendero; Indian lands were to remain in the possession of their communities. Las Casas was an early encomendero in Hispaniola. From the Spanish perspective, encomienda contributed to an enormous increase in wealth, thus Spain becoming a global power. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The northernmost extent of the encomienda system was in what is known now as the US state of New Mexico, and the southernmost extent was the Chiloe Islands of Chile. Where did the encomienda system start? Although each scenario is different, they almost always lost land or possessions in. The Spanish colonists abused the encomienda system, essentially rendering it a system of slave labor. The Church focused more on wealth and worldly things than on spirituality, and was being corrupted by power. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. It was especially prevalent among military orders that were entrusted with the protection of frontier areas. Wikimedia Commons (public domain). Christianization was also a feature of encomienda in Spanish colonies. Under the encomienda system, prominent Spaniards were entrusted with Native Peruvian communities. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Encomienda System was the Spanish's control over the Natives or Indian slave labor by another name. In 1499, this system was put into practice on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean and later used on the American mainland during the Spanish Conquest of Hernan Cortes and Ferdinand Pizarro. This have encourages colonists from Europe immigrant to the new world. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. In theory, the encomenderos would use the indigenous population as labor to extract gold, crops, and other materials from the land. The encomienda system was different from slavery on paper, but not all that different in practice. Protection and in some cases conversion to Catholicism. Spanish Encomienda System. How did the encomienda system work in the Caribbean? What is the difference between encomienda and repartimiento? Their Spanish masters could force them to mine gold, cultivate crops, or carry . Encomienda spread with the spread of Spanish colonies and became a common feature of their economies. The system did, however, result in loss of life and freedom, which was similar to the loss under chattel slavery and cruelty on a historic scale. What were Martin Luthers main charges against the Catholic Church? Between 1513 and 1543 Spain issued several laws attempting to regulate the encomienda system and protect native populations, but enforcement was haphazard and the subjugation of the native populations was already a fact. succeed. It granted royal land from the Spanish Crown to the Spaniards. Both were conceived of as temporary so that the Spanish Crown retained ultimate sovereignty in the colonies. The encomienda system was employed by the Spanish to regulate Native American labor and in theory protect them from abuse. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Source Wikimedia Commons. I feel like its a lifeline. What are the effects of the Encomienda system? Encomenderos were in the habit of resisting limits, and they opposed the New Laws. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The government of Spain proclaimed that the natives were free citizens . What were the consequences of repartimiento? How did the encomienda system work? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Here is more about the significance of the encomienda system. This led the Spanish to try to integrate native peoples into the colonies through the encomienda system. The first record of Lopez granting encomendero status was in 1572, though earlier grants are possible. What was the encomienda system first used for in the Spanish American empire quizlet? Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Derived from the Spanish verb encomendar (to entrust a mission for someone to fulfill), the mission of the encomienda was to care for and protect indigenous people by awarding part of their labor and produce to men who had served the crownencomenderos. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. Learn the encomienda definition, the conquistador definition, and the impact of the encomienda system. Conquistadors, explorers, governors, and even some select indigenous people were granted encomiendas. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The Encomienda System was the Spanish's control over the Natives or Indian slave labor by another name. Under the Crown conception of encomienda, indigenous people were free Crown subjects. The system began on the Iberian peninsula between the 800s to the 1400s and was later refined to fit the needs of the rapidly expanding Spanish territory in the New World. The repartimiento system used by Spanish colonists throughout Central and South America took the unfair practice of colonization a step further by demanding work from the native people living in the areas where the Spanish established their colonies. The system began on the Iberian Peninsula between the 800s to the 1400s and was later refined to fit the needs of the rapidly expanding Spanish territory in the New World. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The Spanish imposed the encomienda system in the areas they controlled. The impact of the Europeans on the Tainos in Jamaica . With the major native empires in Mexico and Peru in ruins, the Spanish had to put a new system of government in place. 4 What is the main purpose of the encomienda system? With the catastrophic decline in the Indian population and the replacement of mining activities by agriculture in Spanish America, the system lost its effectiveness and was gradually replaced by the hacienda system of landed estates. It was patterned on grants of land and tribute to those who fought for Spain during the Reconquista. The encomienda was designed to meet the needs of the American colonies' early mining economy. In the encomienda, the Spanish Crown granted a person a specified number of natives from a specific community but did not dictate which individuals in the community would have to provide their labor. But they didn't just get the land, they got the labor of the people living on the land as well. 3 How did Catholicism affect Spains rule in the Americas? The system was abolished throughout the Spanish colonies in 1791. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Sign up to highlight and take notes. They weren't subjects of the British crown and their land had to be bought or claimed through a doctrine of discovery. You can find out here. Create and find flashcards in record time. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. His duties were to protect them and make them more civilized. Once formalized, the system spread with the Spanish colonialism from Cuba in 1511 to New Spain in 1519, and so on. When did Spain first use the encomienda system? In return, they were to protect them and convert them to Catholicism. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Some were experienced soldiers, but many were not. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The encomienda system is a labor system established by the Spanish Crown in the 1500s. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. In return, encomenderos were obliged to provide for the protection, education, and religious welfare of Indians. Copyright 2022 WisdomAnswer | All rights reserved. As for the effect on the Natives they were treated harshly like heavy manual labor such as: Building roads and infrastructure. The encomenderos were then required to pay remaining encomienda laborers for their work. The Encomienda System was the Spanish's control over the Natives or Indian slave labor by another name. African slavery replaced the Encomienda System. US History Encomienda System Encomienda System Assassination of JFK Baltimore Riot 1861 Battle of Shiloh Battle of Yorktown Battles of Trenton and Princeton Birth of a Nation Boston Slave Riot Cattle Ranchers Charter Colonies Cherokee Cheyenne Tribe Chicano Movement Christiana Riot Christopher Columbus Civil Rights Activists What year did the encomienda system begin? The encomienda system was put in place in several areas, most importantly in Peru. Juan Sepulveda wanted the New Laws of 1542, which restricted and reformed the encomienda system, overturned- which did not happen. The system was first devised when the Spanish conquered the Moors in Spain. Instead, they were given oversight over the indigenous peoples of a specific territory. The Europeans The Spaniards introduced the Encomienda system where each settler was granted a piece of land and a groups of natives worked for them. The sharp decline of the indigenous populations due to diseases and death. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Mendicants: St. Francis and Church Reforms. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Repartimiento System. Conquistadors often came to rule conquered territory on behalf of the Crown. Derived from the Spanish verb encomendar (to entrust a mission for someone to fulfill), the mission of the encomienda was to care for and protect indigenous people by awarding part of their labor and produce to men who had served the crownencomenderos. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Encomienda System: The encomienda system involved a legal system instituted by Spanish colonists in the. After discovering the natives, one of the first actions Columbus took was enslaving them. A social system in which class status is determined at birth. and swords, but also because they brought with them germs that made many native Americans sick. How did the Encomienda system impact Africans? Under this system, leaders of the indigenous community paid tribute to colonists with food, cloth, minerals, or by providing laborers. How did the encomienda system impact Natives Americans? In practice, however, the encomenderos would gain control of significant parts of the indigenous territory, and many failed to uphold their rules of protecting the native peoples. Encomienda involved forced labor, brutality, loss of freedom and rights. Ethnocide differs from genocide as it is the destruction of a culture, while genocide is the annihilation of a people; genocide can be a means of ethnocide. Castilian forces who, in 1492, overthrew Granada, the last Moorish kingdom in Iberia, were granted lands as a reward by the Crowns of Aragon and Castile. The origins of the institution in the Americas dates back to 1497 when Christopher Columbus assigned native communities to Francisco Rold and his men. In reality, all the labor that could be done was required, and unless the encomienda was ended, the next generation would also owe labor. It does not store any personal data. How often does Illinois legislature meet? What replaced the Encomienda System? Growth of Independent Trading Cities in the Renaissance, The Safavid Empire: Creation, Rulers, Characteristics & Shi'ism, Taino Civilization: Economy and Political & Social Structure, Hernan Cortes | Facts, Biography, Quotes & Timeline. The Natives were treated very harshly and forced to do heavy manual labor, such as building roads and infrastructure. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Have all your study materials in one place. The encomienda system was created by the Spanish to control and regulate American Indian labor and behavior during the colonization of the Americas. Adoption of an encomienda system of labor and tribute in Spanish colonies was expected under any circumstances. They were dehumanized and reduced to slave status where they provided forced labor under brutal conditions, some to the point of death. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? Fortune hunters are often men of limited fortune, and it was certainly true of the most famous conquistadors: Christopher Columbus, who was the son of a tavern owner. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons It forced American Indians to work on farms and in mines. What was the negative impact of the encomienda system for the American Indians? Cause & Effect: The cause of the Encomienda system was the Spanish crown offering land and Indian slaves to conquistadors going to the new world. It granted royal land from the Spanish Crown to the Spaniards. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Spanish colonists wanted indigenous people alive to provide labor. They were required to be converted to Christians as well. Thus the practice of many of the encomenderos put them at moral and financial odds with the Spanish monarchy. Instead of being a grant of land, the encomienda was a grant of people. They were dehumanized and reduced to slave status where they provided forced labor under brutal conditions, some to the point of death. The position of encomendero was generally granted for two or three generations (sixty or ninety years), not in perpetuity. 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In 1550, King Charles I of Spain even ordered a debate in the Spanish court over the practice of encomiendas, known as the. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Because only Spanish of high station gained encomiendas, it had a great impact on the social and economic classes of the Spanish colonies in the Americas. What was the encomienda system? 3. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Conquerors took land, goods, and labor from conquered people. The idea was to encourage the natives to stay in the country and help to improve the estate, and to avoid any possible . The Spanish Crown conceived of encomienda as being relatively protective of indigenous people but did not succeed in making it so. The Spanish had mixed-race children in the Americas with enslaved Africans and Native Americans. In the Americas, unlike the proto-system in the Peninsula used to subjugate the Moors, the encomenderos were not granted land. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you How did the encomienda system impact natives? Cause & Effect: The cause of the Encomienda system was the . It lasted from the 800s until the fall of Grenada in 1492. 1. Soldiers were fed and perhaps armed by their leaders but not paid. But they didn't just get the land, they got the labor of the people living on the land as well. By 1538, Charles V realized the serious However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. What was one of the main issues with the Encomienda System in the Americas? The imposition of the Spanish encomienda system, which required indigenous communities to provide labor for mining and commercial agriculture, and the large-scale capture and transportation of Native Americans from one locale to another wrought havoc among the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean, resulting in high mortality . Slaves are property. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? The effect was heavy depopulation of Indians from brutality and disease leading into African slaves becoming a new labor force. Even with these new changes, it only lasted a few decades in most American territories where the Spanish used the encomienda system. In many regions, the indigenous population began a sharp decline due to the spread of diseases, e.g., smallpox, and the system's abusive practices. Spain commanded priests to convert American Indians to Christianity. It granted royal land from the Spanish Crown to the Spaniards. Author: User Nagihuin CC-BY-4.0. The overall benefits of the encomienda system are all very one-sided towards the encomenderos who profited off of the labor and land they controlled. Goods and land that were taken from. 1 How did the encomienda system impact natives? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. And were there any benefits, if any? One fact essential to understanding the history of the encomienda system is that millions of indigenous people died of diseases brought by colonists to the Americas, as well as from war and the brutality of colonization. 7 See, for example, Zavala (1935: 266) and Miranda (1952: 83-85). How did the encomienda system impact natives? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Encomienda System was the Spanishs control over the Natives or Indian slave labor by another name. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The encomienda system, a version of the European feudal trusteeship labor institution, reduced the Spanish-conquered American indigenous populations to a corve (forced labor) class subject to the Conquistadors. A labor system created by the Spanish monarchy in which Spanish conquistadors, explorers, governors, and select indigenous individuals were rewarded with grants to use indigenous peoples for labor and exact tribute from them in the form of gold or raw materials, with a tax paid to the Spanish Crown. This illustration comes from a book he published in 1542. Francisco Pizarro, the second cousin to Cortes, began the conquest of Peru and helped destroy the Incan Empire; he was the illegitimate and possibly illiterate son of a military officer. These laws did the following: Created new regulations of the encomienda system, Established methods to gradually end the use of the system in the Americas. He would have been familiar with Reconquista tribute practices. In reality,. 2 What are the effects of the Encomienda system? The King rescinded the most unpopular of the New Laws, fearing the loss of Peru. True or False: The Encomienda System granted regions of land. All rights reserved. Provide protection for the Tainos. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Spanish Monarchy attempted to address the abuses of the encomienda system in the Americas by passing the New Laws of 1542. Recruitment for labor came through an institution known as the encomienda, which gave Spanish encomenderos (settlers) the right to compel the Tano to work in their mines/field. Wages were paid, with most of the wages owed to the Crown. The people would pay a tax to the encomenderos, who would, in turn, produce a tribute to the Spanish Crown. Why does Hennessy say 1765? That can reasonably be seen as ethnocide. It granted royal land from the Spanish Crown to the Spaniards. In return for their labor, indigenous peoples were to receive what from their Spanish encomenderos? Only in 1721 did the Crown stop granting encomienda. Encomienda was brought to Spanish colonies by settlers who came to Hispaniola with Christopher Columbus. View this answer. The encomienda system did not grant people land, but it indirectly aided in the settlers' acquisition of land. First Interactions. 177 lessons How did the encomienda system impact natives? Why was the Encomienda system was detrimental to the native populations of the Americas? Significance: Those enslaved by the encomienda system were freed, thanks to Las Casas. Encomienda that requires extensive use of forced labor simply did not have enough people to function. While different in detail, the encomienda system is similar to practices employed by the Roman Empire and the Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans in their conquests of the British Isles. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Capitalist Development. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. How did the encomienda system impact the natives? Along with those lands came the power to exact tribute. The encomienda system amounted to the practice of a spoils system. 1 How did the Encomienda system impact Natives Americans? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The native Amerindians were disadvantaged greatly in all aspects of their lives. The encomienda system was intended to be transitional. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 This new system rewarded Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and military men with land in the New World. New Spain | Spanish Explorers & Spanish Colonies. Replace the Encomienda system in 1550. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? As only people of high station, Spanish nobility, or specified indigenous people were the only ones granted encomiendas, the system consequently influenced race and ethnicity as the main determinants of economic and political power in the Spanish colonies. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 5 What year did the encomienda system begin? How do you control both the indigenous population and the explorers-conquerors in the territories they claim? In the 700s CE, a group of Muslims from North Africa called the Moors invaded the Iberian Peninsula (present-day Spain and Portugal). Encomienda System: History Throughout history, war was often financed through spoils. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. During the spread of Spanish colonies, Spain had few serious rivals in the Americas. A negative impact of the encomienda system on American Indians is that it allowed Spanish colonials to. Indigenous people would provide limited tribute and labor, and colonists would provide religious and cultural instruction. How did the Encomienda system impact the new world? Encomienda was a system of forced labor imposed on indigenous workers by Spanish colonists. He participated in slave raids and kept slaves. Colonization would have destroyed local cultures no matter the labor system imposed. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. How did the Encomienda system impact natives? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Why did the Encomienda system not work out? An alternative to encomienda was repartimiento (partition). 6 What was the repartimiento system in Central America? The encomenderos usually conquistadors were granted control and responsibility of the peoples they . flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | The impact of encomienda is difficult to separate from the general impact of Spanish colonization. Abolition of the Encomienda The downfall of the encomienda system began as early as 1510, when Dominican missionaries began protesting the abuse of the native people by Spanish colonists. How did the encomienda system impact natives? Slaves could be sold, and their families would break. Arrieros, by Carl Nebel, illustrating rural work in New Spain. Relying on them to organize tributes simplified the process. The Spanish forced Native Americans to work in the gold and silver mines. 2. The successful conquistadors and colonial officials used the encomienda system.Under the system, an individual or family was given lands, which generally had Indigenous people living on them already. The encomienda was introduced to the Americas by the Spanish settlers, authorized by the Spanish crown in 1503. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Black Legend History & Culture | What is the Black Legend? It arose out of the belief that the indigenous were pagans who were in need of Christianity to be civilized. Throughout history, war was often financed through spoils. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Las Casas, Valladolid Debate & Converting the New World, The Pueblo Revolt of 1680: Lesson for Kids. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. The effect was heavy depopulation of Indians from brutality and disease leading into African slaves becoming a new labor force. The Encomienda was the legal system established by the Spanish aristocracy in Spanish America in an attempt to define the status of the Native American population in Spain's New World colonies. Eventually led to the decay of the system and the need for Spain to bring in enslaved labor from other regions such as Africa. Encomenderos were required to provide protection and religious and cultural education to indigenous people under their control, a requirement often neglected. It granted royal land from the Spanish Crown to the Spaniards. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The concept of encomienda was adopted by the Spanish Crown in 1503 during the early days of colonization. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. | 8 How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? The encomienda system played a different role in the Philippines than in the Americas. Established that the Spanish Government had complete and total control over their American colonies. Everything you need for your studies in one place. That grant of labor accompanied a grant of land use. The encomienda established a system similar to a feudal relationship, in which military protection was traded for certain tributes or by specific work. Over time, he grew horrified by the outrageous abuse suffered by Native people under the encomienda system, and in 1515, he gave up his own encomienda and began a campaign to end the system. They benefited from the discovery of gold and silver in the New World, and the mining of those metals by their laborers. The feudal system forced on the natives had a drastic impact on their self-sufficient communities. What were its impact and significance? Encomenderos became familiar with Native lands; they were positioned to take control of land belonging to the Natives under their trusteeship through legal or illegal means, when the opportunity arose. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Source: Wikimedia Commons (public domain). You can argue that the Spanish Crown benefited from the tribute the encomenderos offered, but not enough to maintain the practice as they moved to reform the system in 1542 and began to abolish the system in territories starting in the 1600s up to its complete abolition in 1791. How did the encomienda system affect Africans? An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The core issue with the system was that the enslavement of the indigenous populations and the abuses towards them was in direct conflict with the rule of the Spanish Crown. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Will you pass the quiz? In reality, indigenous people were forced to provide labor. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By 1572, the system was in place in the Philippines. Why did the Spanish Monarch have problems with how the Encomienda System was implemented in the Americas? A map detailing the Spanish Empire at its height. The encomienda was first established in Spain following the Christian conquest of Moorish territories (known to Christians as the Reconquista), and it was applied on a much larger scale during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Spanish Philippines.. What led to the encomienda system? See full answer below. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". In reality, the encomienda system exploited native workers. The Encomienda System was the Spanish's control over the Natives or Indian slave labor by another name. European Colonies in the Age of Exploration. The Encomienda System was the Spanish's control over the Natives or Indian slave labor by another name. Population Collapse: Aztec Smallpox Victims. Answer and Explanation: Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! In 1519, Velazquez commissioned Hernan Cortez to go to what would soon become New Spain. Encomenderos ignored the terms of the grant and demanded as much labor as could be had. Encomienda (roughly translated: trustee) was a formal system of forced labor in Spanish colonies in Latin America and the Philippines, intended to encourage conquest and colonization. conquistadors eceived land and forced into slavery. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Its 100% free. The encomienda system was ended legally in 1720, when the crown attempted to abolish the institution. The encomienda system was a method by which the Spanish crown rewarded colonial settlers by entrusting them with a group of natives whom they would civilize and convert to Christianity, in return for gifts in the form of labor, taxes, or goods as tribute. False, encomenderos were given oversight over the indigenous peoples of a region. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. As for the effect on the Natives they were treated harshly like heavy manual labor such as: Building roads and infrastructure. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This new system rewarded Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and military men with land in the New World. How did encomienda system impact natives? However, Las Casas gave up his slaves and his encomienda, becoming the first priest ordained in the Americas. The repartimiento system was a labor policy instituted by Spanish colonists throughout Central and South America. Columbian Exchange Summary & Importance | What was the Columbian Exchange? Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. The forced conversion to Catholicism led to the weakening and destruction of indigenous religions and rituals. The Encomienda System was the Spanish's control over the Natives or Indian slave labor by another name. The repartimiento, for the most part, replaced the encomienda throughout the Viceroyalty of New Spain by the beginning of the 17th century. He shipped hundreds of slaves back to Spain, which infuriated Queen Isabella, who demanded their return to Hispaniola. The same title was granted to colonial leaders. In exchange for the stolen labor of Indigenous people and tribute, the Spanish lord would provide protection and education. The formal establishment of the system followed through a series of royal decrees, beginning in 1503. In the Pacific, Spain competed with English, Dutch, Malay, Chinese and Muslim interests. A labor system created by the Spanish monarchy in which Spanish conquistadors, explorers, governors, and select indigenous individuals were rewarded with grants to use indigenous peoples for labor and exact tribute from them in the form of gold or raw materials, with a tax paid to the Spanish Crown. 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