The Spanish Inquisition rammed the tactics and used all forms of torture techniques, from starvation to waterboarding. Modern scholarship has definitively shown that, like most conspiracy theories, this one was pure imagination. Simancas, Archivo General de It is not about looking for Jews (perhaps I should write a book on We do not sell or trade your information with anyone. Conquered by Muslim jihad in the eighth century, the Iberian peninsula had been a place of near constant warfare. This would make the suspected heretic feel as though they were drowning. The scene is a plain-looking room with a door to the left. Pope Sixtus IV attempted to put a stop to it. England expelled all of its Jews in 1290. These consist of only 175 manuscript bundles and Details Qty: 1 Add to Cart Buy Now Secure transaction Ships from Amazon.com Sold by Amazon.com repositories. Three tribunals were set up in the New World. Following the most progressive law codes of the day, the Church in the 13th century formed inquisitorial tribunals answerable to Rome rather than local bishops. By the mid-15th century, a whole new converso culture was flowering in Spain Jewish in ethnicity and culture, but Catholic in religion. and that of official Tribunal of the Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion which was A tinderbox of resentment and hatred exploded across Spain as the enemies of conversos both Christian and Jewish came out of the woodwork to denounce them. Unrepentant or obstinate heretics were excommunicated and given over to the secular authorities. They were to ensure that the Church's well-established norms of justice were respected. The Spanish Inquisition had jails, of course. The following names are taken records pertaining to the trials of conversos by the Inquisition in Ciudad Real in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. In other words, they were to "inquire" thus, the term "inquisition.". They are divided into the following sections: 1. papers of the Supreme Council of the Inquisicion, 2. correspondence of the Supreme Council with other tribunals in Spain, manuscript bundles and 1463 manuscript books. The research was done with the tap of a finger by typing in key words from the HDC to find similar sources on the Mexican Inquisition. Click here for an example of XI century spanish. the guide to about half of the these holding were searchable by means of this Because it was both professional and efficient, the Spanish Inquisition kept very good records. In the early years, the clergy's attention would be focused on the conversion of the Indigenous peoples. As for the Jews, they were immune to the Inquisition. Looks at the wider role of the Inquisition as an educative force in society. The Spanish Inquisition had not been able to pursue Jews, but after the expulsion, all remaining Jews were required . records and shouldn't involve any special difficulties. French philosophers like Voltaire saw in Spain a model of the Middle Ages: weak, barbaric, superstitious. King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella of Spain started the Spanish Inquisition in September of 1480; however, it was two years earlier in the November of 1478 that Pope Sixtus IV actually authorized the two monarchs to set up and start the Inquisition. Spanish Inquisition records reveal two prosecutions in Spain and only a few more throughout the Spanish Empire. Most conversos, therefore, either fled or lined up to confess. Publication date 1828 Publisher Goodrich Collection americana Digitizing sponsor Google Book from the collections of Harvard University Language English. Those found guilty after the 30 days elapsed could be burned at the stake. Public domain in the USA. These are Notary Public records of sales of The Spanish Inquisition . The procedures were similar. Collection Overview. When the inquisitors arrived in a particular area, they would announce an Edict of Grace. The Ministerio de Cultura ID should open those doors. Responding to their request, Pope Sixtus IV issued a bull on November 1, 1478, allowing the crown to form an inquisitorial tribunal consisting of two or three priests over the age of 40. Those who did neither risked an inquiry in which any kind of hearsay or evidence, no matter how old or suspicious, was acceptable. that) but has some useful comments on working in Spanish archives. Harvard Divinity School Library, Harvard University. Spain's Jews had nothing to fear from the Spanish Inquisition. Two years elapsed before he finally appointed two men. Spanish tribunals: To locate records of the Spanish Inquisition, one must determine . kept at the AHN in Madrid. Be the first one to, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, http://books.google.com/books?id=YTsAAAAAYAAJ&oe=UTF-8, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). As in other areas of ecclesiastical control, secular authorities in the late Middle Ages began to take over the Inquisition, removing it from papal oversight. Known as Andover-Harvard Theological Library since 1911, it was renamed the Harvard Divinity School Library in 2021. Wheaton Maryland 20915-2493, Inquisition and other early Hispanic Archives, (Links for other sections of this website at bottom of page). There are several letters, private and official, and several notices and orders on separate sheets. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. When the converso bishop of Burgos, Alonso de Cartagena, prayed the Hail Mary, he would say with pride, "Holy Mary, Mother of God and my blood relative, pray for us sinners!". The records of 67,521 trials still exist, along with indicators of their . King Philip II saw himself and his countrymen as faithful defenders of the Catholic Church. Spain Publication date 1828 Topics Inquisition Publisher Boston : Goodrich Collection cornell; americana Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor Cornell University Library Contributor usage rights See terms Language English The metadata below describe the original scanning. The Spanish Inquisition, already established as a bloodthirsty tool of religious persecution, was derided by Enlightenment thinkers as a brutal weapon of intolerance and ignorance. the Archivo General de la Nacion (AGN). It was their science, their philosophy, their politics, their identity, and their hope for salvation. any one of the major government archives (e.g. Inquisition officials were university-trained specialists in law and theology. The Catholic Church as an institution had almost nothing to do with it. This was a direct result of the methods employed by the early Spanish Inquisition, which strayed significantly from Church standards. Both of the monarchs had Jewish friends and confidants, but they also felt that their duty to their Christian subjects impelled them to remove the danger. The inescapable conclusion is that , by the standards of its time, the Spanish Inquisition was positively enlightened. Once you have compiled a list of material you would like to consult in the reading room, please contact Harvard Divinity School Library, Harvard University at ask@hds.harvard.libanswers.com. Records of the Spanish Inquisition: Inquisition. Because it was both professional and efficient, the Spanish Inquisition kept very good records. Less wealthy and less powerful were Europe's Protestant areas, including the Netherlands, northern Germany, and England. well organized and a very detailed and comprehensive guide to these records It was Torquemada's job to establish rules of evidence and procedure for the Inquisition as well as to set up branches in major cities. Challenges the reputation of the Inquisition as an instrument of religious persecution, torture and repression. Some scholars speculate that as many as 150,000 deaths occurred during imprisonment from both illness and injuries resulting from torture. A detail from the 19th century lithograph "The Torture of Isabel Rodriguez.". Even with that said , many people were caught and tried in other villages and were never brought back to the tribunal that was responsible . What did the Spanish Inquisition do? Vast archives are filled with them. This article is reprinted with permission from the Morley Institute a non-profit education organization. Settlers in the Spanish Colonies of America, A Finding Aid." Because their order had been created to debate with heretics and preach the Catholic faith, the Dominicans became especially active in the Inquisition. As shepherds, the pope and bishops had a duty to bring those sheep back into the fold, just as the Good Shepherd had commanded them. They read a proclamation that stated all the people, plants, and animals on the land were now subjects of the Spanish Crown. Much, but by no means all, of the bishops Published: 1828. Feel free to ask if you have any other questions, Lawrence H. Feldman, Ph.D and MLS Modern researchers have discovered that the Spanish Inquisition applied torture in only 2 percent of its cases. know exactly what years and what places Opposition in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church to the Spanish Inquisition only increased. They asked for and received more assistants, but the larger the Inquisition became, the more accusations it received. Traditional anti-Catholic presentations will discuss the papal decretal of 1184, Pope Innocent III and the Albigensian crusade beginning in 1208, then leap ahead to the Spanish Inquisition in the mid 16th Century. hank_b That was the assessment of most Europeans until 1530. Special Collections at Harvard Divinity School Library preserves and makes accessible primary source materials documenting the history of religion and theology, with particular historical emphasis on American liberal religious traditions. And although Jews were sometimes the focus of that first Inquisition, as they primarily were in Spain, the more urgent targets were Christian heretics in the south of . Like all courts in Europe, the Spanish Inquisition used torture. Since the Inquisition's sole purpose was to investigate conversos, the Old Christians had nothing to fear from it. In time, Spain's empire faded away. Click here for an example of XI century spanish. Bernard Gui, best known today as the fanatical and evil inquisitor in The Name of the Rose, wrote a particularly influential manual. Records of the Spanish Inquisition, Translated from the Original Manuscripts Inquisidor General de Espaa S.G. Goodrich, 1828 - Inquisition - 280 pages 0 Reviews Reviews aren't verified, but. BX: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion: Christianity: Churches, Church movements. The best geneological records in Spain are the most voluminous and hence the As of about three years ago CD-ROM. A pleasant young man, pestered by tedious and irrelevant questions, exclaims in a frustrated tone, "I didn't expect a kind of Spanish Inquisition." the period. In this light, the medieval Inquisition was nothing more than an attempt to crush the hidden, true church. That was the end of the papacy's role in the Spanish Inquisition. the major repositories. Amazingly well-kept records from the time reveal primitive waterboarding, torture via rack-stretching, brutal flogging, and much, much worse. THE manner in which the originals of the following work came into the hands of the translator may be described in a few words. This was a 30-day period in which secret Jews could voluntarily come forward, confess their sin, and do penance. This in turn led to a steady stream of voluntary conversions to Catholicism. He is the author of Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice, A Concise History of the Crusades, The Crusades: The Essential Readings, and coauthor of The Fourth Crusade. Nothing could be more wrong. If anything, kings faulted the Inquisition for being too lenient on heretics. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. World Inquisicion. following sections: The Archivo Diocesano de Cuenca is an important source for that town (a guide to them is in preparation). But the world was changing. But if by chance concessions have been made through the persistent and cunning persuasion of the conversos, I intend never to let them take effect. Rethinking the Spanish Inquisition and Autos de Fe. You also MUST be able to read the handwriting of In practice, the Spanish Inquisition served to consolidate power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom, but it achieved that end through infamously brutal methods. Left, the banner of the Spanish Inquisition; right, the banner of the Inquisition in Goa. As far as the Spanish Inquisition was concerned, the expulsion of the Jews meant that the caseload of conversos was now much greater. Each instance of torture was limited to a maximum of 15 minutes. To locate records of the Spanish Inquisition , one must determine which tribunal or Court was governing the location where your family lived at the time. on November 3, 2009, The metadata below describe the original scanning. Spanish rabbis after 1391 had considered conversos to be Jews, since they had been forced into baptism. Records of the Spanish Inquisition by Samuel Goodrich. Their children were baptized at birth and raised as Catholics. and in some cases, execution by public burning. Over the next decade, though, they were under increasing pressure to remove the perceived threat. One in Lima, Peru for most of South America. There are published catalogues for the documents for the tribunals of Toledo and Murcia, but there is much that is not catalogued. It was not a personal preference but an abiding and universal truth. From the beginning of the Reformation, Protestants had difficulty explaining the 15-century gap between Christ's institution of His Church and the founding of the Protestant churches. Draws on the findings of recent research by American, British and European scholars. Indias in Seville or the AHN in Madrid) and they will issue you a Ministerio In order to understand the Spanish Inquisition, which began in the late 15th century, we must look briefly at its predecessor, the medieval Inquisition. The debate brought about a wave of new voluntary conversions. But those days were gone. Secular rulers strongly supported the Inquisition because they saw it as an efficient way to ensure the religious health of their kingdoms. Directors: Vera Tsekhanovskaya , Mikhail Tsekhanovskiy | Stars: Leonid Gallis , Mariya Vinogradova , Yuriy Levitskiy , Erast Garin These papers are a part of the Records of the Inquisition of Barcelona, and were obtained during the revolution which broke out at Cadiz in 1819. The records of the Inquisicion in Lima have also survived but those in With the exception of the two Dominicans, all of these were royal lay officials. It was the secular authorities that held heresy to be a capital offense. Inquisition officials were university-trained specialists in law and theology. The tortures of the Spanish Inquisition hold dark lessons for our time. The accused were to have legal counsel and the right to appeal their case to Rome. The medieval Inquisition began in 1184 when Pope Lucius III sent a list of heresies to Europe's bishops and commanded them to take an active role in determining whether those accused of heresy were, in fact, guilty. The first 15 years of the Spanish Inquisition, under the direction of Torquemada, were the deadliest. Usually no problem but you never can tell. In fact, records prove prisoners of secular courts and jails would blaspheme so they could be transferred to Inquisition prisons and thus. One need not have read Edgar Allan Poe's The Pit and the Pendulum to have heard of the dark dungeons, sadistic churchmen, and excruciating tortures of the Spanish Inquisition. Nearly all of them have reference to minor cases of the Spanish Inquisition. Thus began the Spanish Inquisition. Bring an ID So, while medieval secular leaders were trying to safeguard their kingdoms, the Church was trying to save souls. It would henceforth be an arm of the Spanish monarchy, separate from ecclesiastical authority. These were the years when the famous "Black Legend" of Spain was forged. The Spanish Inquisition is one of the most well-known periods of religious persecution in history, instituted to weed out what was considered heresy at the time. While modern historians say the Spanish Inquisition's reputation as a torture-fest is a bit exaggerated, the facts are clear: Some pretty gnarly stuff definitely went down. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Thus, just as the Roman Empire had persecuted Christians, so its successor, the Roman Catholic Church, continued to persecute them throughout the Middle Ages. Spanish Inquisition Iraq War LGBTQ Rights UK Miners' Strike North-South Divide Notting Hill Riots Permissive Society Poll Tax Post War Consensus Referendum 1975 Scottish Devolution Sir John Major Social Class in the United Kingdom Stop Go Economics Suez Canal Crisis Test Ban Treaty Thatcherism The Swinging Sixties The Welfare State Tony Blair To my astonishment, one focus of the research, was African slavery in Mexico during the 16 th & 17 th centuries. It was also noted that those confessing to witchcraft had a curious inability to fly through keyholes. But not so with the Spanish Inquisition. Unknown Others worried that returning to Judaism would leave them vulnerable to future attacks. Although Christian, most conversos still spoke, dressed, and ate like Jews. Heresy, then, struck at the heart of that truth. These documents were kept secret, so there was no reason for scribes to do anything but accurately record every action of the Inquisition. and with a highly focused query (i.e. And how were witnesses to be heard and examined? All of this caused a good deal of tension between those who remained Jewish and those who became Catholic. This comprehensive database allows us to demonstrate that municipalities of Spain with a history of a stronger inquisitorial presence show lower economic performance, educational attainment, and trust today. It had no jurisdiction over other flocks. Consisting of 1555 bound volumes dating The Spanish Inquisition became an infamous event in history that would interest and shock people for centuries to come. The conversos, according to this logic, were not sincere Christians but secret Jews. If, however, an inquisitor determined that a particular sheep had purposely departed out of hostility to the flock, there was nothing more that could be done. the 1200's and even earlier. Bibliographies on the Spanish Inquisition and other topics in the Renaissance and Reformation and Latin American Studies modules, providing citations to general overviews, influential histories, and primary sources. hardest to use. Indeed, even at its peak the Inquisition was always just making ends meet. When Napoleon conquered Spain in 1808, he ordered the abolition of the Inquisition. As was now the custom, the monarchs would have complete authority over the inquisitors and the inquisition. Approximately 2,000 conversos were put to the flames. One of the most enduring myths of the Inquisition is that it was a tool of oppression imposed on unwilling Europeans by a power-hungry Church. Nevertheless, the sheer volume of accusations overwhelmed the inquisitors. LEARNING HOW TO READ THE SCRIPT IN THE FIELD-- study examples before you go) But because they are so abundant, and in an antique script, they A water seller during the time of the Spanish Inquisition in Grenada rescues a stranded Moor by the roadside, which leads to uncovering a legend. The total holdings of Inquisicion records at the AHN consists of 5344 manuscript bundles and 1463 manuscript books. They are written by several different individuals, and almost all of them are written in Spanish. Finally, if you decide you need someone to search for you, I charge From the perspective of the Church, however, heretics were lost sheep that had strayed from the flock. Secular and ecclesiastical leaders in medieval Europe approached heresy in different ways. The organization sometimes known as the La Inquisicion King Ferdinand seems to have believed that the inquiry would turn up little. Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb. read what no one else could understand. By 1560, the three orders had more than 800 clergy at work in New Spain. Pope Benedict XIII himself attended. Translations in context of "Inquisitionis" in Spanish-English from Reverso Context: Su edicin del Liber Sententiarum Inquisitionis Tolosanae todava es considerado importante en la actualidad por su meticulosa transcripcin de un manuscrito del inquisidor dominico Bernard Gui, que se consider perdido para siempre durante mucho tiempo, pero que fue redescubierto en la Biblioteca . rapidly. The rise of the Spanish Inquisition Spanish Inquisition Problem is that for any one year you can have 3000 Thomas F. Madden. There is no reason to believe that Gui was anything like his fictional portrayal. Some writers say the Spanish Inquisition started in 1570 . Harvard Divinity School Library, Harvard University. This Clip is a short version of the Monty Python's sketch "The Spanish Inquisition". The procedures of the Inquisition are well known through a whole series of papal bulls and other authoritative documents, but mainly through such formularies and manuals as were prepared by St. Raymond Peaforte (c1180-1275), the great Spanish canonist, and Bernard Gui (1261-1331), one of the most celebrated inquisitors of the early 14th Century. For medieval people, religion was not something one just did at church. Records of the Spanish Inquisition by Inquisition. Many true and faithful Christians, on the testimony of enemies, rivals, slaves, and other lower and even less proper persons, have without any legitimate proof been thrust into secular prisons, tortured and condemned as relapsed heretics, deprived of their goods and property and handed over to the secular arm to be executed, to the peril of souls, setting a pernicious example, and causing disgust to many. Spanish Inquisition: Torquemada and Torture. The Spanish Inquisition in the New World was a somewhat different story. The people of Spain and their monarchs were determined that Protestantism would not infiltrate their country as it had Germany and France. Be the first one to, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help. The rack, the iron maiden, the bonfires on which the Catholic Church dumped its enemies by the millions: These are all familiar icons of the Spanish Inquisition set firmly into our culture. The Spanish Inquisition is interpretable as a response to the multi-religious nature of Spanish society following the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslim Moors. Below, I've chosen the 10 most important facts about the Spanish Inquisition to help you understand the institution. Conversos, whether new converts themselves or the descendants of converts, took enormous pride in that culture. The king of Aragon, who had done his best to stop the attacks, later reminded his subjects of well-established Church doctrine on the matter of forced baptisms they don't count. In later centuries another Papal Inquisition would be created to exterminate Protestant ideas in Southern Europe. The procedures were similar to those used in secular inquisitions (we call them "inquests" today, but it's the same word). Despite popular myth, the Church did not burn heretics. Records, circa 1553-1770., bMS 153. This image of the Spanish Inquisition is a useful one for those who have little love for the Catholic Church. (They were underground, after all.) Your privacy is important to us. The Inquisition actually had the best jails in Spain. The simple fact is that the medieval Inquisition saved uncounted thousands of innocent (and even not-so-innocent) people who would otherwise have been roasted by secular lords or mob rule. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. In France, for example, royal officials assisted by legal scholars at the University of Paris assumed control of the French Inquisition. abstract of each of the files in the volume, allowing one to search them very The Archivo de Museo Canario, Las Palmas, has Inquisicion records for the But it was perhaps inevitable that the waves of anti-Semitism that swept across medieval Europe would eventually find their way into Spain. 79 downloads in the last 30 days. The Jesuits arrived in 1572. Also each bound volume of Inquisicion records at the AGN has a brief Records of the Spanish Inquisition Paperback - August 21, 2017 by Inquisition. Genealogical The power of kings rose dramatically in the late Middle Ages. The more widely known Spanish Inquisition was set up around two centuries later by their Catholic Majesties Ferdinand (of Aragon) and Isabella (of Castile). This collection contains documents dated circa 1553 to 1770, all from the city of Barcelona or the surrounding area. In 1596, the Inquisition put 46 conversos on trial, including members of Carvajal's family who were burned. Everywhere they looked, the inquisitors found more accusers. The Spanish Inquisition was established by King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile as an ecclesiastical tribunal designed to ensure religious orthodoxy in Spain. Medieval Europeans were not alone in this view. Not until 1808, during the brief reign of Joseph Bonaparte, was the . In the earliest years of the Spanish colonies the bishops ran the New Or perhaps their cultural practices were sufficient for condemnation? Crimes include pacts with the devil, sorcery, witchcraft, sodomy, traffic with ghosts, etc. "The Truth about the Spanish Inquisition." Because borders between Muslim and Christian kingdoms shifted rapidly over the centuries, it was in most rulers' interest to practice a fair degree of tolerance for other religions. Their fidelity to the Catholic faith was not under investigation (although it was far from pure). Some believed that apostasy made them unfit to be Jewish. Most accused conversos were acquitted, but not all. In 1492 the Jewish population of Spain numbered about 80,000. detect and destroy certain crimes associated with religious issues (among In the early, rapidly expanding years, there was plenty of abuse and confusion. Its brutal methods led to widespread death and suffering. behavior also came under its jurisdiction), didn't officially come to the New mayors office. The whole thing is funny because the audience knows full well that the Spanish Inquisition was neither inept nor comfortable, but ruthless, intolerant, and deadly. There were even instances of criminals in Spain purposely blaspheming so as to be transferred to the Inquisition's prisons. They generally had plenty of enemies, any one of whom might decide to bear false witness. headquarters in Madrid and tribunals in various localities in Spain set up to Envy, greed, and gullibility led to rising tensions between Christians and Jews in the 14th century. Among them are the few remaining references to cases Records, circa 1553-1770. Spanish Inquisition . Archivo Historico Nacional (AHN), Madrid. But you need to know exactly when and where you are looking, and give Looking at Church records requires the permission of the local bishop. For medieval people, religion was not something one just did at church. The valuable information on this page has been provided by Lawrence H. Feldman, Ph.D and MLS in an email responding to a question I asked him. By submitting, you agree to receive donor-related emails from the Internet Archive. Part of the Harvard Divinity School Library, Harvard University Repository. But it did so much less often than other courts. Yet by 1414, rabbis repeatedly stressed that conversos were indeed true Christians, since they had voluntarily left Judaism. The Inquisition never stopped in Spain and continued until the late 18 th century. Many Jews in high positions, including those in the royal court, accepted baptism immediately. The Spanish Inquisition was meant to control heresy, but because it was a Catholic institution, piety had to be taken into consideration. The Spanish Inquisition, it was argued, could never succeed in bringing the conversos back into the fold while the Jews undermined its work. We do not sell or trade your information with anyone. But the constant drumbeat of accusations convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella that the matter of secret Jews should at least be investigated. Spanish hasn't changed much since the early middle ages but the 1478 November: under the influence of clergyman Tomas de Torquemada, the monarchs created the Tribunal of Castile to investigate heresy among Conversos. Search the history of over 766 billion The Spanish Inquisition. Each tribunal was given two Dominican inquisitors, a legal adviser, a constable, a prosecutor, and a large number of assistants. Abstract: Original records of 93 trials from the archives of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in Mexico. Innumerable books and pamphlets poured from northern presses accusing the Spanish Empire of inhuman depravity and horrible atrocities in the New World. the archive of the inquisition (or more fully the archive of the inquisition and index ), officially referred to as the archive of the congregation for the doctrine of the faith (abbreviated to acdf for archivio congregatio pro doctrina fidei) in the vatican, contains the catholic church's documents dealing with doctrinal and theological issues You should come familiar with script (DONT WASTE TIME Two of these archives have survived. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. Surprisingly, many modern authors indeed, many Jewish authors have embraced these anti-Semitic fantasies. In Mexico trade your information with anyone result of the Spanish Inquisition, which significantly! 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Do with it among them are the most voluminous and hence the as of about three years ago CD-ROM bottom... Heresy to be heard and examined execution by Public burning on November 3, 2009, the Church trying. To it would announce an Edict of Grace, rabbis repeatedly stressed that conversos were indeed true Christians since... Your information with anyone Inquisition ; right, the sheer volume of accusations the... Documents were kept secret, so there was no reason for scribes to do anything but record. Looked, the Iberian peninsula had been forced into baptism come forward, their... Dominican inquisitors, a Finding Aid. 20915-2493, Inquisition and other early Hispanic archives, ( for! That stated all the people, religion was not something one just did at.! Click here for an example of XI century Spanish II saw himself and his as. Of South America following sections: the spanish inquisition records\ General de la Nacion ( AGN.! 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