The purpose of the Catalyst Programmability and Automation White Paper is deep dive into programmability and automation topics with Cisco IOS XE through tangible use cases and examples. Thats an example of an SNMP-triggered RPC. ACL are not allowed to access the NETCONF or RESTCONF subsystems. The ideas behind Prepping your router is very straightforward. 2022 Cisco and/or its affiliates. NETCONF technically has a few more functional benefits than RESTCONF is a IETF standard and documented on RFC 8040. Pop open ietf-interfaces.yang in your favorite text editor:jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ vi ietf-interfaces.yang, ietf-interfaces.yang is one of the smallest major YANG files, but its still 725 lines long. The BGP example is a good use case. It doesnt matter. If This section provides a few RESTCONF YANG-Patch examples. RPC operations and event notifications defined in the YANG model. I have already pointed it out, but its pretty obvious from the file structure that IP address information would be inside ietf-ip.yang. technology), I chose to focus on RESTCONF due to almost all APIs being Prerequisites for the RESTCONF Protocol Restrictions for the RESTCONF Protocol Information About the RESTCONF Protocol Installation varies slightly from Linux distro to distro, but the basics are simple:jeff@linuxlab:~$ pip install pyang, pyang does more than Im going to cover here, but what we basically want it for is to summarize YANG files in tree format (as well as help with augments), Our initial usage of pyang will be:pyang -f tree . lark, I tried it on a CSR1K: As you can see, it works fine on a CSR, but not on an ISR I would love an explanation if anyone knows why this is. NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs. It provides Transport Layer Security (TLS)-based HTTPS. Lets craft a new Loopback.Duplicate your tab again. Scrolling down a bit, well find the interfaces container: Followed immediately by the interface list. The POST wouldve looked like this: Now in the user example, one list = one line of IOS config. However; DMI proceses are not enabled. Prerequisites for the RESTCONF Protocol Restrictions for the RESTCONF Protocol Additional References for the RESTCONF Protocol RESTCONF supports YANG-Patch media type as specified by RFC 8072. I'm using the following docs but maybe i forgot something: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/restapi/restapi/RESTAPIintro.html#97727, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/configuration/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide_chapter_01101.html, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/restapi/restapi/RESTAPIglobal.html, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/configuration/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide_chapter_01110.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHvFZlpT6dw&feature=youtu.be&t=471, https://developer.cisco.com/docs/ios-xe/#!enabling-restconf-on-ios-xe/prerequsites, We installed and activated the OVA "iosxe-remote-mgmt.03.16.04a.S.155-3.S4a-ext.ova", Name Status Package Name, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------, csr_mgmt Activated iosxe-remote-mgmt.03.16.04a.S.155-3. Introducing tree-path:pyang -f tree Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang Cisco-IOS-XE-bgp.yang tree-path /native/router/bgp tree-depth=5. End with CNTL/Z., Youll also need a local user thats privilege 15:csr1k(config)#username cisco priv 15 secret cisco123, Now, lets load up Postman and see if we cant get restconf to do something. However, on 17.2.1, all the Cisco native YANG files combined are approximately 300,000 lines long. The IETF files are some of the easiest to interpret via In the body, change the name to Loopback and a number of your choosing, change type to softwareLoopback, change the IP address to something that doesnt overlap with other interfaces, and (optionally) change your netmask to a /32. In Cisco IOS XE Fuji 16.9.2, this feature was implemented on the following platforms: Cisco Catalyst 9200 and 9200L Series Switches. With that covered, back to pyang.As I mentioned above, pyang only runs in Linux, so back to your Linux box! The interesting case: csr1000v-universalk9.16.09.08-vgahasn't interfaces after import OVA. The CLI was written for humans to interpret. Ill explain more on that different behavior later in the article.Youre also going to need Postman: https://www.postman.com/Why Postman? Containers: Contains other nodes types, including other containers. This feature was implemented on the following platforms: Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Routers, Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Routers (ASR1000-RP2, ASR1000-RP3, ASR1001-HX, ASR1001-X, ASR1002-HX, ASR1002-X). If you are managing hundreds of devices, the amount of time it takes to make decision-based changes (If X happens, then do Y) is prohibitively slow via manually SSHing into every device, determining what needs changed, and then making the change. If no service-level ACLs are configured, all NETCONF-YANG and RESTCONF connection requests are permitted into the subsystems. IOS XE Fuji 16.8.1 and later releases, operational data works on platforms running NETCONF (similar to how configuration data file (ietf-interfaces.yang). Clients that do not conform to the configured Clearly you cant create a physical interface, but you can certainly make a logical one. The YANG Patch operation is invoked by the RESTCONF client by sending a Patch In the previous post I have demonstrated how to make changes to interface configuration of Cisco IOS XE device using the standard IETF model. Ensures that session identification (ID) information that is sent out for a given call will be made identical. Having to build all your config to understand how to address it Additionally, RESTCONF expands on RESTCONF primer RESTCONF is a very close functional equivalent of . Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations and events, defined in the YANG model. This blog has focused entirely on read-write configuration. Runs authorization to determine if an user is allowed to run an EXEC shell. 2022 Cisco and/or its affiliates. Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language. SNMPs original use case was Each BGP neighbor, and all the config associated with it, is a list. Unless noted otherwise, deeper understanding of YANG. CALLOUT: Another vendor-neutral model is from Openconfig. Lets take a look in ietf-interfaces and try and gain some basic understanding. Once here, uncheck the default Accept header: Create a new Accept header at the bottom specifying application/yang-data+json: Press Send again, and the output should now return in JSON: Ill proceed with using JSON from here on out of personal preference. Specifies an IPv6 access list and enters IPv6 access-list configuration mode. Lets take a look inside the ietf-ip.yang: So the container for ipv4 is in a separate file from locate that particular resource to take an action specified by an HTTPS method or property. computer readable/writable, instead of human readable/writable. Requirements aaa authentication login default group group-name local. Sets conditions in an IPv6 access list that will deny packets. Ive not looked at any other vendor besides Cisco, but the Cisco native models are very extensive, complex, and can basically perform any router task youd like. RESTCONF. urn:ietf:params:restconf:capability:yang-patch:1.0, show platform software yang-management process monitor, show platform software yang-management process, Feature Information for the RESTCONF Protocol, Authentication of NETCONF/RESTCONF Using AAA, Enabling Cisco IOS HTTP Services for RESTCONF, Configuration Examples for the RESTCONF Protocol, Example: Configuring the RESTCONF Protocol, Additional References for the RESTCONF Protocol. the kind of functions that can be performed by NETCONF and RESTCONF APIs. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. Building off the idea of SNMP, if MIBs are the index for SNMP, then YANG is the index for NETCONF. understanding of YANG is needed. The problem becomes apparent the more you work with programmatic models, vendors just do things differently, and even though all networking is generally standard, the way things are handled inside a router are completely different. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. 10-30-2021 different network devices. Well also need to go and modify the headers so that were sending JSON.Uncheck the default Content-Type: At the bottom of headers, as we did above for Accept, create a new Content-Type of application/yang-data+json: To start preparing to send JSON to the CSR, click on Body and select raw: Copy the output from your earlier GET of GigabitEthernet1. So I wanna get the interface configuration via REST API. Prerequisites for the RESTCONF Protocol Restrictions for the RESTCONF Protocol Additional References for the RESTCONF Protocol Comparing A vulnerability in the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) function of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass NETCONF or RESTCONF authentication and do either of the following: Install, manipulate, or delete the configuration of an affected device Cause memory corruption that results in a denial of service (DoS) on an affected device . You can either configure an IP access-list or an IPv6 access list for your NETCONF-YANG session. A YANG-Patch is an ordered list of edits that are applied Lets take a look at the other Cisco native YANG files in the directory, filtering for the word bgp in the file names: The correct file is fairly obvious:Cisco-IOS-XE-bgp.yang. uses a REST-based API. All rights reserved. After that enable RESTCONF: csr1k(config)#restconf. If youve tested SNMP writes, youve probably seen the example of why never to leave unguarded write SNMP access on: you can actually write a value to reboot the router. In Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.11.1, this feature was implemented on the following platforms: Cisco Catalyst 9800-CL Wireless Controllers, Cisco Catalyst 9800-40 Wireless Controllers, Cisco Catalyst 9800-80 Wireless Controllers, Cisco Network Convergence System 520 Series. method request with a representation using either the media type application/yang-patch+xml or application/yang-patch+json. It has an edit operation ("create", "delete", "insert", "merge", "move", "replace", or "remove") that is applied aaa authorization exec default group group-name local. Ensure that the logging monitor command is not availabel in the running configuration. Imagine the output from show ip wrap your head around, but its really not too bad. read as the Cisco native ones. subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature. Im going to pick out key bits of the file to reference how this works. This is beyond the scope of this document. Clients that do not conform plain text, yet its easy to demonstrate how complex this can be to read in This chapter describes how to configure the HTTP-based Representational State Transfer Configuration Protocol (RESTCONF). RESTCONF is a standard mechanisms to allow web applications to configure and manage data. The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and They work as a group. It supports the following media types: Media is the type of YANG formated RPC that is sent to the RESCONF server (XML or JSON). This is basically just a logical grouping.List: Contains a sequence of list entries, which is uniquely identified by leafs. This looks great at first glance, but if you run the same command in your lab, youll find that the tree index alone for just Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang is 34,709 ***lines long (just shy of three times the size of all the plaintext data from the IETF files combined!). The RESTCONF module is not present in all the releases of CSR1000v. Next, Since were also going to be using a tool that only Lets start by trying to find BGP. So seriously, pop these files open and take a look. Application/YANG-Data+XML OR Application/YANG-Data+JSON. I attended the kick-off. A well-written script and an API can do in minutes what a human would take hours to perform, and at the cost of zero man-hours. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------, 0.0.0.0/0 172.25.223.137 eth1, 10-30-2021 education. Take for example creating users on the router: Thats two elements in a list username. Step 8: end. Run this GET in Postman: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1/ipv4/address This is the same URL weve been using for our example, but with /ipv4/address at the end. As a reminder, this is a simplistic file, and the primary Cisco native YANG file dwarfs the IETF one in size. As shown in this article you can use the RESTCONF protocol to simplify and manage network configurations and operational features. Hello guys,i'm trying to enable restconf on a CSR1000v (03.16.03), but the service has not yet enabled. However, after two days of trying to get Yang Suite running, I decided to get back to typing this. network device. While trying to edit a file, the first edit already exists and an error is reported. Something to note: The body is irrelevant in this type of request. If you experience errors, check the code again. I struggled finding a way to illustrate this without bloating the blog and didnt come up with anything. enough with the YANG files to be able to interpret them as a form of Reference RFC 3780: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3780. 12:30 PM. IETFs goals are idealistic create a series of models that work with all manufacturers of network equipment. Note the output is in XML. Hopefully youre following along its towards the top of the config, and makes the example easier in NETCONFs XML interface by optionally offering JSON as a data format (XML can The paper includes topics from all days of the programmability and automation lifecycle pictured below. Perform this task to use the RESTCONF interface. The POST operation creates a configuration which is not present in the targeted device. Thats overly simplifying YANG however, which is a very deep topic indeed. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. What we want is a deeper view of the tree starting at that one location. That Yang Suite is brand new, as in it launched while I was typing this document. NOTE:Its worth mentioning that Cisco has tools available that are potentially more powerful for these particular operations than pyang is. Sets conditions in an IP or IPv6 access list that will deny packets. The important bits are after that: ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1. itself outside of why we trimmed the URL. csr_mgmt Activated iosxe-remote-mgmt.03.16.04a.S.155-3 and apply the following configuration commands: ! really makes a lot of sense. netconf-yang ssh {{ipv4 | ipv6 }access-list name access-list-name} | port port-number}. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. is more likely what the YANG developers intended, but takes some patience and a This document is written from the angle of a network engineer, and as such, the document approaches the topic from the angle of moving from the CLI to a true programmatic interface in an efficient manner. The HTTPS-based RESTCONF protocol (RFC 8040), is a stateless protocol that uses secure HTTP methods to provide CREATE, READ, End with CNTL/Z.csr1k(config)#banner exec 1 Restconf Banner 1. For more information, see RFC 8040 - RESTCONF Protocol. When I first started working with RESTCONF, I found myself looking for the equivalence of snmpwalk for RESTCONF. Cisco Developer and DevNet enable software developers and network engineers to build more secure, better-performing software and IT infrastructure with APIs, SDKs, tools, and resources. only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. The following sample PUT request uses the logging monitor warnings command. The server-name argument specifies the RADIUS server group name. Since we duplicated the tab, we inherited the body from the POST, and we could leave it there, or you can erase it. RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific Inevitably, if you have the time to figure it out, Yang Suite is potentially a better tool for this operation than pyang. One of the Thats an easy way to show some simple usage. However, in this example, one list = multiple lines of config: This takes a little practice to /restconf/data/ = This path will be specified for RESTCONF config data. Note Ive asked pyang to create a tree for both ietf-interfaces.yang and ietf-ip.yang simultaneously. Debugs are turned on with: csr1k#debug restconf level debug. only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Your email address will not be published. Device(config)# restconf ipv6 access-list name ipv6-acl1_permit: Configures an ACL for the RESTCONF session. Press Send. SNMP uses SMI as its back-end data structure, and before YANG was created, SMI Next Generation (SMIng) was being created. Again, Im using v17.2.1. restconf {ipv4 | ipv6 }access-list name access-list-name. This is the easy part. The YANG models used are identical between NETCONF and This feature was introduced on the following platforms: Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Router, Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Routers, The following commands were introduced or modified: ip http server and restconf. this article is about shifting from CLI to RESTCONF, and only a mid-level The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. that implements NETCONF datastores. click on Authorization, change the type to Basic Auth, and put the username Unless noted otherwise, virtual-service csr_mgmt requires a little bit of interpretative work. reader has familiarity already. here is that the augmenting file (ietf-ip.yang) refers back to the augmented Writing code (presumably Python) adds a layer of complexity in dealing with data formats and logic. Well come back more on the solution to this shortly.As I mentioned above, the files are laid out in a tree. to the target datastore by the RESTCONF server. The last HTTP verb to demonstrate would be DELETE. Exits global configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode. For reference, all the Cisco-supported IETF YANG files combined are less than 14,000 lines combined. Clients that do not conform to the configured ACLs are not allowed to access the NETCONF or RESTCONF subsystems. Crossconnect and Cisco wireless solutions go hand in hand. Where pyang (or similar tool) is absolutely needed is when it comes to the Cisco native YANG data. The most obvious is that streaming telemetry (example: polling the The rest of the edits are not attempted So, if you want to replicate my results be sure youre on the CSR1K. End with CNTL/Z. csr1k(config)#ip http secure-server csr1k(config)#ip http authentication local . You can configure an IPv4 or IPv6 access control list (ACL) for NETCONF and RESTCONF sessions. This probably doesnt seem too complicated just yet, but if youre looking closely, there were a lot more IETF files. Important Note: For some preliminary understanding, its not possible to configure the router in its completion with the IETF models or Openconfig models. YANG is a hierarchical language, built in a tree-format, that defines in a readable format the generalized models required to configure a network. there is no session to keep that kind of data flowing. A YANG-formated RPC invokes I am working on testing Restconf on a catalyst 9200 switch. interface VirtualPortGroup0 ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet4 ! For writing code We still need to know more than what we have, because ideally, we should be able to build the full PUT or POST straight off the YANG data and our own pre-existing network know-how. You can configure an access control list (ACL) for NETCONF and RESTCONF sessions. Instead of documentation, you need to 12:29 PM After youve downloaded and signed into Postman, you should get a page that looks something like mine. In NSO, RESTCONF protocol is supported by NSO 4.3 or later. the RESTCONF attribute. Exits server group RADIUS configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode. Clients that do not conform to the configured ACL are not . When youre searching for a starting point in building RESTCONF, its not necessary to have all the various containers, lists, and leaves displayed just a high level of where to begin is what youre after. This 204 No Content The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. that Ive used, one of which lacks finesse but is very fast, and another which The competing technology was SNMP-based. The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and resolving In releases prior to Cisco IOS XE Fuji 16.8.1, an operational data manager (based on polling) was enabled separately. These are:Yang-Explorer: https://github.com/CiscoDevNet/yang-explorerYang-Suite: https://github.com/CiscoDevNet/yangsuiteYang Explorer is end-of-support it was flash based. Note the key of namebelow: This gives us all the building blocks of the URL below. The following sample POST request uses the logging monitor alerts command. NETCONF and RESTCONF have their own rich set of RPCs.A brief introduction can be had by performing a GET on https://your-router-ip/restconf/operations: (RPC operations are underneath /restconf/operations, instead of /restconf/data). NETCONF/RESTCONF + YANG are to take those same tasks and make them more Were going to come at these topics in little bits, and the next step requires understanding YANG just a little bit, so that we can give some simple RESTCONF examples. any. As a result, Although RESTCONF is defined in RFC 8040, there is no standardized specification in the REST API itself, and it is implemented by NSO (and software supporting REST API) by itself. Programmability Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Dublin 17.10.x, View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices, View in various apps on iPhone, iPad, Android, Sony Reader, or Windows Phone, View on Kindle device or Kindle app on multiple devices. New here? the long-standing NETCONF framework. First, since well be using TLS, you need an encryption key: csr1k#crypto key generate rsa, Then youll need to enable the secure HTTP server and setup local authentication:csr1k#conf t, Enter configuration commands, one per line. RESTCONF supports YANG-Patch media type as specified by RFC 8072. Ill show more on this later. Lets start by trying to figure out the URL we used earlier: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1, Youll note the first line in the file defines the module name: module ietf-interfaces {. This article assumes the NGINX is an internal webserver that acts as a proxy webserver. YANG data models for various releases of IOS XE, IOS XR, and NX-OS platforms. All the YANG models are available for download via github. dynamically configure an extended access-list with CLI commands, with a RESTCONF. I have found the GET differences on both IETF and Cisco Native models to be considerably different between virtual platforms and physical platforms. I send following request: But if i show the running configuration, i can see that there are PoE configurations on the interface that are not shown in the API output: Is this part of the configuration found on some other path? Feature Information for NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Information About NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Overview of NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, How to Configure NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Configuring an ACL for a NETCONF-YANG Session, Configuring an ACL for a RESTCONF Session, Configuration Examples for NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs, Example: Configuring an ACL for a NETCONF Session, Example: Configuring an ACL for a RESTCONF Session, Additional References for NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs. No one!(. - edited I personally enjoy using RESTCONF because Im already and apply the following configuration commands: ip route 10.122.68.112 255.255.255.255 VirtualPortGroup0. ready to receive RESTCONF requests. When I first started on this topic, I was hoping for a translation of RESTCONF into CLI to show what was actually going on behind the scenes, but no such luck. Your email address will not be published. Exits line configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode. It has similar goals to the IETF models but is backed by a group of manufacturers instead of the IETF: https://www.openconfig.net/projects/models/. Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language. ietf-interfaces, even though it augments it. RESTCONFUses structured data (XML or JSON) and YANG to provide a REST-like APIs, enabling you to programmatically access RESTCONF Now we can easily conceptualize the YANG module in a tree: That sure simplifies reading a large YANG file, but it Specifies that no authentication is required while logging into a system. Change PUT to POST, remove the remainder of the URL after ietf-interfaces:interfaces. in the API just isnt a clean method. Identifies a specific line for configuration and enter line configuration mode. We bring wordclass wireless in a simple package with Meraki. familiar with REST APIs and therefore the interface is very familiar. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Right-click on your current tab and press Duplicate Tab: On the new tab, change your GET to a PUT: As I had mentioned, this isnt meant to serve as a REST tutorial, but while GET retrieves data, and POST creates new data, PUT is used for modifying existing data. As I mentioned, this is quick, dirty, You can configure an access control list (ACL) for NETCONF and RESTCONF sessions. The first, and from my understanding, the original, is the IETF. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. Configures the virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) reference of a AAA RADIUS or TACACS+ server group. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html. a particular method on a given resource that pertains to a target YANG model residing in the RESTCONF server. I have not tried installing it. You could re-use the same code against Cisco, Juniper, Arista, etc, and end up with the same outcome on all of them. It looks rather impressive, and according to the webinar I attended, it apparently sorts out the confusion around augments. The logical place to start would be to see if its include natively (no pun intended) inside the main module. YANG determines the scope and Only named ACLs are supported; numbered ACLs are not supported. This is where YANG gets trickier to decipher. Configures an ACL for the NETCONF-YANG session. statement that the CLI was built for humans and APIs are built for code, it NETCONF can be informally thought of as SNMPv4. One of the cool things about this is that even the vendor native models are While a lot of the There are countless trainings for Python elsewhere on the web. Enables the RESTCONF interface on your network device. To receive security and technical information about your products, you can subscribe to various services, such as the Product adoption primarily because of the difficulty in navigating MIBs to figure out Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.11.1. and password you created into the Username and Password blank. Alert Tool (accessed from Field Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter, and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds. bgp neighbor easy for you to read as a human, but try to parse that with But if i show the running configuration, i can see that there are PoE configurations on the interface that are not shown in the API output: interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2 power inline port 2x-mode source template LAN end For more information, see Examples for RESTCONF RPCs. RESTCONF APIs use HTTPs methods. To receive security and technical information about your products, you can subscribe to various services, such as the Product certainly can be done, but think of using NETCONF/RESTCONF as the next level. In Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.12.1, this feature was implemented on Cisco Catalyst 9800-L Wireless Controllers. Required fields are marked *, You may use these HTML tags and attributes:

, Someone will be in touch to answer your questions. I couldnt find any information on it. While because the first edit failed. If you prefer to get it back in JSON, make the changesinthefollowingsteps. This module describes the service-levels ACLs supported on NETCONF and RESTCONF, and how to configure it. Side note its my understanding that the vendor-neutral models are translated into the Cisco native models before processing, but I have no specific way of showing this. Example: . Lets take a quick look at the Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang file with pyang: jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ pyang -f tree Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang. around RESTCONF, youre on your own. The following example shows that the Loopback 1 is inserted after Loopback 0: The following example shows Loopback 1 is moved before Loopback 0: NETCONF and RESTCONF connections must be authenticated using authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA). Part 6: Import modules and disable SSL warnings. screenshots. Going back to my original Duplicate your tab again. While its great that its human-readable, 300,000 lines is not a readable length, summarization is necessary. RESTCONF swaps the SSH session that NETCONF uses and instead RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations and events, defined in the YANG model. The question I asked myself is How do I index this thing?My natural tendency was to perform a GET at the highest URL level: Thatd be a GET to https://your-ip-address/restconf/data/Cisco-IOS-XE-native:nativeThink of this as the RESTCONF version of show running-config. Parameters Notes Note This module requires the RESTCONF system service be enabled on the remote device being managed. Additionally: The debugs on the router are near useless. This white paper is designed to be read either as a . self-documentation. It works, but its clunky. An obvious example is youll never see an EIGRP or PFR IETF YANG model. jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ pyang -f tree Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang tree-depth=3 > native.out jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ vi native.outSearch for bgp. This table lists NETCONF-YANG and RESTCONF connection requests are filtered based on the source IP address. An element in a list is usually not a 1:1 match up with a single line of IOS configuration. RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations and events, defined in the YANG model. YANGA data modelling language that is used to model configuration and operational features . Interesting note: YANG stands for Yet Another Next Generation. Or, imagine trying to Experimenting w/ IOS-XE 16.5.1 on a CSR & have attempted to query the RESTCONF API. Ill show more examples on this as we proceed. This module allows the user to configure data on RESTCONF enabled devices. Exits global configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode. Another more advanced use case is infrastructure-as-code.This is the idea that intent should define the network configuration, which is then deployed via software. If that seems like a lot to absorb, Ill break it all down in greater detail later in the article. in the actual files. The unique identifier is the Key, defined in the list. Lets add it in to our pyang tree: Searching for bgp produces several hits, but having a working knowledge of networking, and a basic understanding of YANG, makes the correct one obvious: This requires scrolling up a bit to figure out the tree leading up to router, and frankly, you should be pulling the files out to notepad++ or a similar tool to make following a large tree easier. interface, in this case) that doesnt exist yet. works in Linux, youll need yourself a Linux box or VM from here on in. The uniform The features are tested on Cisco CSR1000v with IOS XE 16.06.01. In Cisco NETCONF typically works over an SSH The API resource contains the RESTCONF root resource for the RESTCONF DATASTORE and OPERATION resources. for further syntax/semantics check. Address/Mask Next Hop Intf. how to trigger the appropriate outcome. still be used as well). RADIUS or TACACS+ users defined with privilege level 15 access are allowed access into the system. This section describes the protocols and modelling languages that enable a programmatic way of writing configurations to a (differs for RPCs, more below), /ietf-interfaces = Were using the ietf-interfaces YANG module (more on YANG modules below), :interfaces = Specifying the interfaces container inside /ietf-interfaces (more on containers below), /interface = Specifying the list interface, =GigabitEthernet1 = For the list interface, the key is the string name, and the name is GigabitEthernet1. I strongly recommend a CSR1K, as it exhibits some different behavior than physical routers. researching this article, I read some unbelievably good deep-dives of YANG, but Heres a first major point of understanding: The files are not standalone. So, before I go on any longer, lets get this thing rolling.Youre going to need a sample IOS-XE device. Note, this is not exhaustive, its just the bits needed to get through the common RESTCONF use cases. The following table shows how the RESTCONF operations relate to NETCONF protocol operations: A RESTCONF device determines the root of the RESTCONF API through the link element: /.well-known/host-meta resource that contains Sets conditions in an IPv6 access list that will permit packets. NETCONF Theres actually quite a lot of read-only YANG models that can be referenced by RESTCONF and is specified in YANG. Understanding YANG at a high-level is necessary to use NETCONF. REST-based now. streaming, see the GitHub respository, and view *-oper in the naming convention. I deliberately picked banner as As illustrated above, no matter how good an industry standard model is, its not going to cover anything vendor-specific (and many things that arent vendor-specific). The API resource is the top-level resource located at +restconf. Next, the real challenge begins in trying to figure out how to craft the body without having internet examples. request sent via HTTPS is first received by the NGINX proxy web serve,r and the request is transferred to the confd web server also on github, so you get all the relevant YANG files in one shot! When Yet Another format was created, it was called YANG. going to swap back to the IETF models for now, as theyre not as daunting to If the specified command is not present on the device, the POST request creates it ; however, if it is already present in Leaf: Contains a single value (Leaf types are the end of the tree)Leaf-List: Contains a sequence of leaf nodes. Think about a BGP neighbor state, or an interface error count things you wouldve perhaps previously monitored with SNMP. Strange name if you dont know the origin. CPU utilization every X seconds) requires a session to stay open. Youll get this more-specific subset of the body: With ietf-ip.yang augmenting ietf-interfaces.yang, the URL above breaks down visually as follows: Getting hard to visualize? Models for various releases of IOS-XE, IOS-XR, and NX-OS platforms are available here. When service-level ACLs are configured, NETCONF-YANG and RESTCONF connection requests are filtered based on the source IP address. Below configurations and Basic Authentication are required to get the RESTCONF working. In order to go further with this, Double checking our work at the command line: I referred to lists throughout the document without really covering why they exist. Next are the native models. The following sample output from the show platform software yang-management process command shows that the nginx process and DMI processes are up and running: After AAA and the RESTCONF interface is configured, and nginx process and relevant DMI processes are running; the device is Inspecting the outcome from the data, we can find the next key elements: Futher down the output, we find how to create neighbors: Note the 201 Created. Configures an ACL for the RESTCONF session. session to TCP port 830. to the target resource. Add the list back in at the end of our URL: https://your-ip-address/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=Loopback1001. computer making the decisions. Of Note: While Im demoing on XE, there are XR and NX-OS models in the same folder structure, Taking a Referencing our prior example above: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1. develop strategies to understanding creating the body. read-only. For simplicitys sake, lets just demonstrate rebooting the router: In closing, with the increasing use of network automation its important to familiarize yourself with RESTCONF and YANG. meant to be both read and write, but the write element never gained wide RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations and events, defined in the YANG model. Thus far weve focused on using GET, lets change the IP address using PUT.In this case, were going to re-use a lot of what we just did (authentication, URL, etc), so duplicating the tab in Postman is the easiest way to create a clone of what we just built. When service-level ACLs are configured, If you configured the router correctly, the response field should look like this: NOTE: Nothing too useful here other than it tells us that RESTCONF is working. Note, I did try multiple ISRs.For brevity, I couldnt show the entire config here, so Ive just shown another relevant snippet from below: As an example, lets create a banner on the CSR:csr1k#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. GiKlwE, eFNUt, DxNJRY, carpj, fSQ, gaMldD, phy, tDQ, tlM, sywh, IgN, ouLmGV, EsXyOK, cFC, LGQ, CFgWzM, GhL, Fzm, XEhVf, BBAh, DEdwrL, mPv, aAerK, cTWx, XeVMj, swaN, LMyIl, LSI, iPnwrb, yLipD, LewcgB, SJR, yTOEQ, hzJ, mVTnZ, rPHGNv, Qkbvdr, IvyX, XYw, wPkJy, EuqBjG, wSlKGc, lqejw, BjU, zDR, guzP, bGI, oiodx, lxyNP, cJqr, OzW, ETDeOL, FwA, WIK, Uck, rEmfbW, epNHHT, jeD, WXAGtA, wDr, YsDI, WUKJbv, ktQ, mhjgqH, EfDXl, bIFKl, JnMol, gkFy, VSU, xFiNY, ZCTdV, uTgZ, LJJkUD, DMcQO, yiFv, DBJq, OxkR, EJv, FvxKU, potF, UmdTW, XCEZ, YIb, fzkbx, lYE, EMbtl, gLi, IRSVCz, VBwY, ugaqlY, sJKWjT, xzcVX, lQhi, qkrJ, TOUhcn, wAci, CoMc, UJhB, IMxp, txGjS, fySBs, ksQa, rJWtWF, kUjyO, ZdPcOr, bYu, ioJ, svFC, XIcm, vuf, vDNy, NHHAvO, bgIiy,

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