[80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. Piette et al. The NASEM recommendations are based in the health care sector and, collectively, focus on integration of SDOH into the health care mission, operations, and financial model. These included a wagon express company, a ferryboat company, a railroad and the manufacturing of processed lumber, wool, sugar beets, iron, and liquor. Available from, US Housing insecurity and the health of very young children, How stable is stable? WebSpanish-language radio stations are set to be controlled by a far-left group linked to billionaire George Soros after the Federal Communications Commission cleared a takeover. ),Opp.- Vinayak Hospital, Sec-27, Noida U.P-201301, Bring Your Party To Life With The Atlantis Coffee Vending Machine Noida, Copyright 2004-2019-Vending Services. For other measures of built environment, such as neighborhood recreational facilities or destinations/routes, there was insufficient data to examine the relationship with T2DM outcomes. Structural and legal interventions are needed to address root causes driving SDOH (27,307). SDOH and diabetes research recommendations. S.A.B. Joseph! Available from, Health equity. Gabreab et al. This will assure all populations benefit from the billions of U.S. tax dollars spent on research to prevent diabetes and to improve diabetes population health. Social cohesion actions facilitate the goal of keeping the society united, not only through social relations, community ties, and intergroup harmony but also through reducing bias and discrimination toward economically disadvantaged groups within a society, such as women and ethnic minorities (28). Health systems subject to community benefit regulations should comply with those regulations and should align their hospital licensing requirements and public reporting with community benefits regulations and should link their community benefits providing social care. Accessed 25 October 2020. Adler NE, Stead WW. Though not specific to diabetes, additional work has linked housing instability to poor health outcomes and reduced health care access (91,96100). [74] Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. He also led the Anointed Quorum. A review by Bilal et al. During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. A clinical context alone, however, is too narrow to accommodate systemic SDOH influences. Table 3 displays recommendations from the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (27), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) (formerly, Institute of Medicine) Committee on the Recommended Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures for Electronic Health Records (80), the NASEM Committee on Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health (301), and the NASEM Committee on Integrating Social Needs Care into the Delivery of Health Care to Improve the Nation's Health (5). Gaskin et al. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Division of Extramural Affairs. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. Occupation is itself multidimensional. Establish organizational commitment to addressing disparities and health-related social needs. Develop national and global health equity surveillance systems for routine monitoring of health inequity and the social determinants of health. The study resulted in improvements in HbA1c, fruit and vegetable consumption, self-efficacy, and medication adherence. Quantity of education does not capture differences in quality of education that may be relevant to SES measurement (38). Sec. [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. Available from, Considering social cohesion in quality of life assessments: concept and measurement, Conceptual framework and structure of a European system of social indicator, Centre for Survey Research and Methodology, Social support in diabetes: a systematic review of controlled intervention studies, The impact of social support on outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review, Social support among African-American adults with diabetes, part 2: a review, Social support an psychological well-being: theoretical possibilities, Social Support: Theory, Research, and Application, What is the association between social capital and diabetes mellitus? Social capital, social theory, and the political economy of public health, Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy, Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology, Diversity, inclusiveness and social cohesion. Results showed strong evidence for impact of walkability on T2DM outcomes, with four of seven studies (57%) showing significant findings in the aggregated analyses using objective and perceived measures of walkability. Similarly, additional emphasis is needed on a next generation of research that prioritizes interventions impacting the root causes of diabetes inequities, rather than compensatory interventions assisting the individual to adapt to inequities (18,308). Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. Build a workforce to integrate social care into health care delivery. Most importantly, they help you churn out several cups of tea, or coffee, just with a few clicks of the button. Similarly, no diabetes outcomes have been reported from interventions directly targeting living wages, early childhood education, educational quality, or educational access for poor children and families. [160][161] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. is supported in part by NIH and NIDDK grant P30DK092949. A robust literature has demonstrated associations of the built environment with obesity-related outcomes (110113). In addition, Table 4 displays publicly available resources and tools to aid providers in addressing individual patients social needs. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". The study revealed higher neighborhood social cohesion was associated with a 22% lower incidence of T2DM (189). Get a quote or find an agent today! Buchanan later pardoned Young. [72], Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then part of Mexico. Develop infrastructure for care integration, including financing of referral relationships with select social providers. "[128] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2017. Reliance on support from family and community tended to be higher in minority populations, while Whites relied more on media and health care professionals (300). (235) found that among adults with diabetes, having both insurance and a usual source of care, rather than one or the other, conferred the greatest odds of receiving at least minimum diabetes health care. Prevalence of diabetes increases on a gradient from highest to lowest income (48,49). Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. A meta-analysis by Bijlsma-Rutte et al. (230) found that, among adolescents and young adults with T1DM or T2DM, compared with having private insurance, having state or federal health insurance was associated with higher HbA1c values by 0.68%, and having no insurance was associated with higher HbA1c by 1.34%. There is evidence that declines in air pollution levels and metal exposures have contributed to improvements in CVD development (172,173); benefits for diabetes development are pending. Clientele needs differ, while some want Coffee Machine Rent, there are others who are interested in setting up Nescafe Coffee Machine. Later, as Young is generally understood to have taught, Adam returned to the earth to become the biological father of Jesus. In higherpopulation density areas, a cluster with relatively more natural food/specialty stores, fewer convenience stores, and more PA resources was associated with higher diet quality. Mirroring findings on income, temporal trends in diabetes prevalence at different levels of education show increasing disparities in prevalence associated with educational attainment (50). [131] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. However, the few studies available and variations among populations and measures limit the ability to draw firm conclusions related to dimensions of social capital and whether the association is the same at the individual or neighborhood level (272,288290). Second, via a compensatory pathway, behavioral strategies necessary to cope with the immediate problem of food insecurity can inadvertently undermine T2DM management. Factors contributing to inequities in toxic environmental exposures include residential segregation and inequity in goods and services, due in part to systemic racism in environmental regulation and opportunities (128,130133). However, a smaller body of research has examined associations of the built environment with diabetes specifically. The approach has proven effective in improving clinical outcomes (HbA1c, blood pressure), self-care behaviors, and self-management knowledge and problem-solving skills in low-income, racial/ethnic minority, and rural populations (76,263,264). [14], By the time Young moved to Mendon in 1828, he had effectively left the Reformed Methodist church and become a Christian seeker, unconvinced that he had found a church possessing the true authority of Jesus Christ. Healthy People 2020: An Opportunity to Address the Societal Determinants of Health in the United States. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. During the 30 years between the Mormons' arrival in Utah in 1847 and [his death in] 1877, Young directed the founding of 350 towns in the Southwest. Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. WebExtension of waiver of the 7-day waiting period for benefits under the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act. WebState Farm helping protect what matters most for 100 years with great rates for life, home, car insurance & more. More information is available at, This site uses cookies. One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. Vending Services (Noida)Shop 8, Hans Plaza (Bhaktwar Mkt. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. (196) conducted a pilot program in Texas, California, and Ohio with a pre/post design, encompassing provision of diabetes-appropriate food, blood glucose monitoring, self-management support, and primary care referrals. [13] Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. Adults with T2DM who have a family income below the federal poverty level have a twofold higher risk of diabetes-related mortality compared with their counterparts in the highest family income levels (54). [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. [180][181][182], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. For example, financial resources that might otherwise have been used for medications or diabetes care supplies are diverted to meet dietary needs (197,204206). For example, the upstream sociopolitical context and resulting socioeconomic position are root cause, structural determinants of health inequities that work through intermediary sets of determinants to cause health inequities. The systematic review by Strom and Egede (284) of 18 observational studies of adults with T2DM found that higher levels of social support were associated with outcomes including better glycemic control, knowledge, treatment adherence, quality of life, diagnosis awareness and acceptance, and stress reduction (284). If you are looking for a reputed brand such as the Atlantis Coffee Vending Machine Noida, you are unlikely to be disappointed. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. He then stayed for a short time in Dublin, Indiana with his brother Lorenzo before moving to Far West, Missouri in 1838. [42] Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. [29][30] On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. Duality of Interest. Third, this review was U.S.-focused; conclusions from SDOH research in other countries, which in some instances may utilize more standardly defined SDOH variables (e.g., occupation) are not part of this initial review. Lack of social support has been linked with increased mortality and diabetes-related complications in T2DM (291,295). The evidence is extensive for air pollution exposures (162,163). Compared with VA patients with diabetes, risk of CRN was found to be almost three times higher for privately insured patients and four to eight times higher for patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or no health insurance (240). This pattern of diabetes-related mortality has been observed specifically in adults with T1DM as well (55). Health care as a SDOH includes access, affordability, and quality of care factors. Census-level household income also operates as a contextual variable, reflecting the composition and available resources in a defined area. Accessed 25 October 2020. 1 September 2020 [Epub ahead of print]. Short-term increases in air pollution exposure are also related to higher risk of stroke mortality in patients with diabetes compared with those without (164). [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Housing instability refers to a spectrum of situations that can range from living in ones car, staying with relatives or friends, having trouble paying rent, suffering evictions or frequent moves, paying more than 50% of income in rent, and living in crowded conditions (historically defined as having more than one person per room) to homelessnessthe most extreme form of unstable housing (8185). 211: A service of the United Way that continuously identifies links for all 211 health and human services referral services in the U.S. HealthLeads: A nonprofit offering tools, training and resources for integrating SDOH into accountable care. A cross-sectional study in a single health care system found that housing instability among individuals with diabetes was associated with higher outpatient utilization (incident rate ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.141.51) (95). Deaths have been reported from insulin CRN among youth and adults with T1DM (241). The risk of diabetes-related mortality demonstrates a gradient from lowest to highest education level. reports being co-coordinator of the Bridging the Gap: Reducing Disparities in Diabetes Care National Program Office, supported by the Merck Foundation, a consultant to the Patient-Centered Outcomes Group, and a member of the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Health Equity Advisory Board. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2014. WebCREATE A FOLLOWING Tribune Content Agency builds audience Our content engages millions of readers in 75 countries every day Diez Roux and Mair (78) have described the role of historical and contemporary residential segregation by race, ethnicity, and SES as the socioeconomic and political context that produced the patterns of unequal resource distribution resulting in neighborhood environments that maintain health inequities. Training priorities include interdisciplinary science, multisector collaboration research approaches, and methods to advance root cause research on SDOH. Racism, discrimination, and inclusion versus exclusion are macro-level social capital factors that impact health (28). Each component can be assessed at the individual or population level (39). Kind AJH, Buckingham W. Making neighborhood disadvantage metrics accessible: the neighborhood atlas. (240) found differences based on health system model. [171] Young also predicted a future in which Chinese and Japanese people would immigrate to America. In natural experiments in human populations, air pollution exposure also resulted in increased vascular reactivity (166) and inflammation in patients with diabetes compared with those without (167). [191], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[192]. Racism interacts with other social entities, creating a set of dynamic, interdependent components that reinforce each other, sustaining racial inequities and promoting both institutional- and individual-level discrimination across various sectors of society impacting diabetes incidence (296,297). Available from, Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Socioeconomic Status, Socioeconomic status and health: overview, methodological critique, and reformulation, Pathways to Health: The Role of Social Factors, Socioeconomic status and health. Young was born shortly after his return. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. In sum, food environment factors of food unavailability, inaccessibility, and insecurity each demonstrate associations with worse diabetes risk and outcomes, and interventions including diabetes-targeted food and self-management care at food banks and pantries and increasing grocery store presence in low-income neighborhoods are few, but collectively they demonstrate the potential to impact diabetes risk, clinical outcomes, and psychosocial outcomes. Accessed 25 October 2020. Table 1 displays definitions of key terms. Include social care workers in team care. T.L.G.-W. researched data and contributed to writing and reviewing/editing the manuscript. The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming, gubernatorial successor to Young. Health systems, payers, and governments should consider collective financing to spread risk and create shared returns on investments in social care. Given its expense, housing is one of the most difficult health-related social needs to intervene upon. N Engl J Med 2015;372:698701. (56) observed an inverse association between income and HbA1c levels in people with T2DM, with a pooled mean difference in HbA1c of 0.20% (95% CI 0.05 to 0.46) between people with low and high income. There is also evidence of effectiveness of self-management interventions delivered directly to underserved patients with diabetes when interventions are designed to overcome barriers. Accessed 25 October 2020. For example, a comparison of preterm births among four studies in different countries, before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation, has shown reductions in diabetes risk (pooled risk change 18.4%, 95% CI 18.8 to 2), although the long-term benefits have not yet been evaluated (171). (68) reported an association of long work hours (55 h per week) as compared with standard work hours (3540 h per week) with higher incident diabetes in adults with low SES but not in adults with high SES. [11] Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted unequal vulnerabilities borne by racial and ethnic minority groups and by disadvantaged communities. Haynes-Maslow and Leone (186) similarly found availability of full-service restaurants to be associated with lower prevalence of diabetes in adults and availability of fast-food restaurants generally to be associated with higher diabetes prevalence. Health equity or equity in health implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential (, Health equity is attainment of the highest level of health for all people. Use dissemination and implementation science to ensure SDOH considerations are embedded within diabetes research and evaluation studies. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. U.S. antiliteracy laws for Blacks, which prohibited Blacks from being taught to read or write, persisted until the 1930s in some states (309,310), and laws prohibiting African Americans from attending public and private schools Whites attended continued until 1954 and 1976, respectively (311). PMCID: PMC6051533, The EveryONE Project's Neighborhood Navigator Toolkit (, Addressing Social Determinants to Improve Patient Care and Promote Health Equity: An American College of Physicians Position Paper. The reviewed SDOH are shown in Table 2. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. Available from, A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health, Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). The strongest diet-related studies were those that evaluated regulations to the food environment, and the strongest PA-related studies were those that improved infrastructure for active transport. Addressing healthy equity necessitates an understanding of social and environmental factors that combined account for 50% to 60% of health outcomes (22,25). He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". Although the review reports SDOH intervention studies for aspects of housing, built and food environment, and health care, there appears to be relatively limited U.S.-based research examining impact on diabetes of interventions designed to target education, income, occupation, toxic environmental exposures, social cohesion, and social capital. Cost-related medication non-adherence among U.S. adults with diabetes, QuickStats: percentage of adults aged 45 years who reduced or delayed medication to save money in the past 12 months among those who were prescribed medication, by diagnosed diabetes status and ageNational Health Interview Survey, 2015, Social determinants of health, cost-related non-adherence, and cost-reducing behaviors among adults with diabetes: findings from the National Health Interview Survey, Cost-related insulin underuse among patients with diabetes, Health insurance status, cost-related medication underuse, and outcomes among diabetes patients in three systems of care, Insurance coverage and diabetes quality indicators among patients with diabetes in the US general population, Age and age-old disparities in diabetes care persist, Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and quality of care for adults with diabetes enrolled in managed care: the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study, Effect of quality improvement on racial disparities in diabetes care, Racial disparities in diabetes care processes, outcomes, and treatment intensity, An integrative review of community health advisors in type 2 diabetes, Community health worker interventions for Latinos with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, Effectiveness of community health workers in the care of persons with diabetes, The role of community health workers in diabetes: update on current literature, Integrating community health workers within Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act implementation, Addressing Chronic Disease Through Community Health Workers: A Policy and Systems-Level Approach; Second Edition. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [111], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[112] the practice is often associated with Young. Ensure that health inequity is measured. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0053. WebHearst Television participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. The gradient is steeper at the bottom, however, and research has focused primarily on those with the lowest levels of income and education. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. [183] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. We focus on clientele satisfaction. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". is supported in part by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), which is funded in part by grant UL1TR003098 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Three studies reported food bank and pantry interventions with food insecure clients with T2DM (196,220,221). Age-adjusted incidence of diagnosed diabetes in adults is associated also with educational level in a stepwise pattern. Placed persons were more likely to receive HbA1c tests (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.021.19) and lipid tests (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.021.17), while for those without baseline diabetes placement was associated with lower risk of new diabetes diagnoses (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.760.99). In a randomized controlled trial of the intervention, Seligman et al. According to Young, he was taught by Smith that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do". Accessed 10 July 2019. SDOH inclusion in this review was determined by representation within one or more existing SDOH frameworks and presence of a sufficient body of literature to demonstrate influence of the determinant on diabetes. At their root, differences in the food environment can be caused by government policies and incentives, and the legacy of such policies as redlining and segregation. Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. Individuals who lived continuously in the most advantaged residential areas, including greater ratio of healthy food outlets to unhealthy food outlets and residential walkability, achieved increased glycemic control and took less time to achieve glycemic control compared with the individuals who lived continuously in the least advantaged residential areas (193). Educational status can be quantified either in years of schooling or highest degree earned. (N.D. Ohio). In a U.S. population-based study of achievement of a composite diabetes treatment goal from 2005 to 2016, data from 2013 to 2016 showed that non-Hispanic Blacks had lower odds of achieving a composite diabetes quality measure than non-Hispanic Whites (adjusted OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.390.83), and women had lower odds than men (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.450.80), with no improvement in diabetes treatment gaps from prior time periods (20052008 and 20092012), especially for minorities, women, and younger adults (227). A recent U.S. review and meta-analysis by Chandrabose et al. (221) found reduction in BMI but not HbA1c and better nutritional and psychosocial outcomes. Although adapting health materials for low-literacy suitability is an effective intervention to compensate for centuries of legal racial discrimination in educational access and quality, a next-generation intervention might target the education sector and implement delivery of high-quality early education to all within both the public and private school systems and with equitable educational funding for sociodemographic populations. [citation needed]Protestantism emphasizes the No other potential conflicts of interests relevant to this article were reported. "[177] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois to A study of 21 VA facilities found Blacks with diabetes were more likely than Whites with diabetes to receive care at lower-performing facilities overall, which explained some racial differences in diabetes quality measures (246). [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. Low income is associated with a higher risk of experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis among youth and adults with T1DM (57) and with higher HbA1c levels, particularly among racial/ethnic minority youth with lower SES (58,59). Keene et al. A key element of the teachings of this group in Young's eyes was their practicing of spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues and prophecy. To prepare health professionals to take action on the social determinants of health in, with, and across communities, health professional and educational associations and organizations at the global, regional, and national levels should apply [frameworks for] partnering with communities to increase the inclusivity and diversity of the health professional student body and faculty. SDOH and component factors included in the diabetes review. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. The Constitution of Deseret is silent upon this, we meant it should be so. Roles of CHWs include patient navigation, appointment scheduling, visit attendance, patient education, home-based monitoring, assessment of social needs and connection with social services, social support, and advocacy (252,254). the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Determining and Defining 'Wife' The Brigham Young Households", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1126129007, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles lacking reliable references from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 7 December 2022, at 18:10. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. A key limitation for the field is that there is no single, accepted definition of housing instability or a commonly used assessment instrument. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. [144] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. The machines are affordable, easy to use and maintain. Compared with insured adults with diabetes, the uninsured have 60% fewer office visits with a physician, are prescribed 52% fewer medications, and have 168% more emergency department visits (229). Accountable care organizations, value-based purchasing, and shared savings programs could be intentionally designed to support and incentivize health care systems to address patients health-related social needs as a strategy to improve health outcomes (5). 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