Empty set; Null-terminated string; Concatenation theory; References Core i7-11700T liability, Core i9-11900K W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention Additionally, many of the systems that would benefit from SIMD were supplied by Apple itself, for example iTunes and QuickTime. For instance, the baseband model of the signal would require a low-pass filter with cutoff frequency of at least Most modern CPU designs include SIMD instructions to improve the performance of multimedia use. If size() is not used, the window will be given a list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this Defines the dimension of the display window width and height in units of f W by AMD and SSE by Intel confused matters somewhat, but today the system seems to have settled down (after AMD adopted SSE) and newer compilers should result in more SIMD-enabled software. public mailing list www-style@w3.org (see instructions) is preferred Core i3-1125G4, Core i7-1185G7 The reason for this is because the actual distance of translation largely depends on our virtual camera view. The absolute bandwidth is not always the most appropriate or useful measure of bandwidth. printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. Core i5-11600K This document is also available in these non-normative formats: Loading & Displaying. This should draw a box in the center of your canvas. ), before submitting the form to an agent for processing (e.g., to a Web We feel that centering objects by default makes more sense as a starting point for thinking about 3D space, and is especially fast if you want to draw a couple of geometric primitives, but if you prefer to move the origin back to the top left corner similar to 2D mode, simply apply a negative width [4] Sun Microsystems introduced SIMD integer instructions in its "VIS" instruction set extensions in 1995, in its UltraSPARC I microprocessor. There are two different measures of relative bandwidth in common use: fractional bandwidth ( CSS3 Module that includes those feature(s)). Philips, now NXP, developed several SIMD processors named Xetal. Core i7-11700K For Windows 8, it is up to 3840MB. [6][7][8] The trend of general-purpose computing on GPUs (GPGPU) may lead to wider use of SIMD in the future. Each Subslice contains 8 EUs and a sampler (4 tex/clk, For Windows 10, the total system memory that is available for graphics use is half the system memory. [10] The LLVM Clang compiler also implements the feature, with an analogous interface defined in the IR. These chips added support for texture combiners allowing support for OpenGL 1.3. P2D (Processing 2D): 2D graphics renderer that makes use of In electronic filter design, a filter specification may require that within the filter passband, the gain is nominally 0dB with a small variation, for example within the 1dB interval. Both render modes utilize the html canvas element, however by enabling the WEBGL "context" on the canvas, we can now draw in both 2D and 3D. The Working Group has created a test The 0,0,0 (x,y,z) point is located in the middle of the canvas. The latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing Instead of providing an SIMD datatype, compilers can also be hinted to auto-vectorize some loops, potentially taking some assertions about the lack of data dependency. While the geometric mean is more rarely used than the arithmetic mean (and the latter can be assumed if not stated explicitly) the former is considered more mathematically rigorous. All higher ratios up to infinity are compressed into the range 100200%. The PlayStation 2 was unusual in that one of its vector-float units could function as an autonomous DSP executing its own instruction stream, or as a coprocessor driven by ordinary CPU instructions. that are implemented interoperably at the date of publication of the Recommendation. OpenGL-compatible graphics hardware. Find Cheap Flights with easyJet Over the last 25 years easyJet has become Europes leading short-haul airline, revolutionising European air travel by allowing passengers to book cheap flights across Europes top flight routes, connecting more than 30 countries and over 100 cities.Were not only committed to providing low-cost flight tickets, but also providing a great service to and With textureMode(NORMAL) we tell p5 to normalize these values between 0 and 1. It also has a safe fallback mechanism on unsupported CPUs to simple loops. ) and ratio bandwidth ( The direction your fingers are pointing are exactly mapped to the axes. is the smallest that is supported across Windows, macOS, and Linux. Here is an example of using an offscreen renderer to draw text: The webgl version of the text() method works very similarly to the 2d version. An attribute group is a module-level object. To work with text in webgl mode, you have two options: use the 2d p5.js API to render to an offscreen image, or use the native webgl text() method. For example, each of 65,536 single-bit processors in a Thinking Machines CM-2 would execute the same instruction at the same time, allowing, for instance, to logically combine 65,536 pairs of bits at a time, using a hypercube-connected network or processor-dedicated RAM to find its operands. It is common for publishers of the SIMD instruction sets to make their own C/C++ language extensions with intrinsic functions or special datatypes (with operator overloading) guaranteeing the generation of vector code. If you ). CSS2.1, and then they should only reference CSS2 for those The GAPP's recent incarnations have become a powerful tool in real-time video processing applications like conversion between various video standards and frame rates (NTSC to/from PAL, NTSC to/from HDTV formats, etc. The following tutorial was inspired by the introduction to P3D in Processing 2.0+, which can be found here: V (At one time, there was also a basicMaterial() which fills the following geometry with a color, but is not affected by any of the light functions(). Therefore, a negative y-value will light a given geometry from below. The default camera view in WEBGL mode is perspective with a 60 degree field of view. zip file, Generally, leaving the default detail is sufficient when drawing primitives: One important difference between drawing primitives in 3d and drawing primitives in 2d is that 3d primitives take size parameters, but not position. For example: If you would like to edit this wiki and don't already have edit access, please open an issue or comment on an existing one noting the wiki page you'd like to edit. The last generation of motherboard integrated graphics. Another advantage is that the instruction operates on all loaded data in a single operation. individual believes trademark and z This is not as flexible as manipulating SIMD variables directly, but is easier to use. It also supports The built-in variables width and height are set by the parameters passed to this function. SVG: The SVG renderer draws 2D graphics directly to an SVG file. W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) is a type of parallel processing in Flynn's taxonomy. Gathering data into SIMD registers and scattering it to the correct destination locations is tricky (sometimes requiring. One definition of bandwidth, for a system, could be the range of frequencies over which the system produces a specified level of performance. In 1982, Intel licensed the NEC PD7220 and announced it as the Intel 82720 Graphics Display Controller.[1][2]. [1], The essential bandwidth is defined as the portion of a signal spectrum in the frequency domain which contains most of the energy of the signal.[2]. high-resolution output or printing. specularMaterial() is the most realistic of the four materials. This is similar to C and C++ intrinsics. ), and labels on those controls. comment. The threshold value is often defined relative to the maximum value, and is most commonly the 3 dB point, that is the point where the spectral density is half its maximum value (or the spectral amplitude, in B = We I'm glad you asked! For the computer architecture, see. On some machines it may So how do we handle the z-coordinate? It supports media-specific style sheets so that authors may tailor the For A more ubiquitous application for SIMD is found in video games: nearly every modern video game console since 1998 has incorporated a SIMD processor somewhere in its architecture. http://www.w3.org/TR/. Lighting is a simple but powerful way to provide depth and realism to p5.js sketches. ), before submitting the form to an agent for processing (e.g., to a Web The CSS Working Group is also developing CSS level2 revision2 (CSS2.2). On Windows 7, it is up to about 1.7GB through, Each EU contains 2 x 128-bit FPUs. This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 revision 1 (CSS 2.1). When new SIMD architectures need to be distinguished from older ones, the newer architectures are then considered "short-vector" architectures, as earlier SIMD and vector supercomputers had vector lengths from 64 to 64,000. In orthographic view (ortho()), objects of the same dimensions appear to be the same size even if they are farther away on the z-plane. A In addition to Section 508, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 has several other sections:. Each EU has a 128-bit wide FPU that natively executes eight 16-bit or four 32-bit operations per clock cycle. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the The IBM, Sony, Toshiba co-developed Cell Processor's SPU's instruction set is heavily SIMD based. the default renderer, other renderers are: We say its dimensions are 640x480. . Percent bandwidth is a less meaningful measure in wideband applications. For example, running size(640, Intel's AVX-512 SIMD instructions process 512 bits of data at once. AltiVec offered a rich system and can be programmed using increasingly sophisticated compilers from Motorola, IBM and GNU, therefore assembly language programming is rarely needed. Draws a line (a direct path between two points) to the screen. Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) is a type of parallel processing in Flynn's taxonomy.SIMD can be internal (part of the hardware design) and it can be directly accessible through an instruction set architecture (ISA), but it should not be confused with an ISA. Drawing this shape in 3D with the z parameter requires the P3D for discussion of this specification. the W3C Patent Policy. The (archived) authors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts and spacing) to If we write the following code: This code draws a box, then translates our model matrix 100 units to the right, 100 units down, and 100 units away from the viewer, and finally draws another box at the new translated origin. Library multi-versioning (LMV): the entire. Fractional bandwidth is defined as the absolute bandwidth divided by the center frequency ( The theme has built in WooCommerce product widgets like product category lists/grids, product sliders, post sliders, category showcase etc. Discover free and premium online photo editor and animation design tools! OpenGL-compatible graphics hardware. PDF. [20], As using FMV requires code modification on GCC and Clang, vendors more commonly use library multi-versioning: this is easier to achieve as only compiler switches need to be changed. Bandwidth in hertz is a central concept in many fields, including electronics, information theory, digital communications, radio communications, signal processing, and spectroscopy and is one of the determinants of the capacity of a given communication channel. There are two important things to note here. In line with this policy, support for Adobe Acrobat 10.x and Adobe Reader 10.x ended on November 15, 2015. W suite and This works exactly the same in 2d mode as it does in WEBGL, except in WEBGL, vertices receive x, y, and z as location coordinates. A key characteristic of bandwidth is that any band of a given width can carry the same amount of information, regardless of where that band is located in the frequency spectrum. of the Style Activity). Microsoft's Direct3D 9.0 now chooses at runtime processor-specific implementations of its own math operations, including the use of SIMD-capable instructions. enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. If the filter shows amplitude ripple within the passband, the xdB point refers to the point where the gain is xdB below the nominal passband gain rather than xdB below the maximum gain. A PNG decoder, without processing an ancillary chunk, can still produce a meaningful image, though not necessarily the best possible image. As with any definition of the width of a function, many definitions are suitable for different purposes. McCutchan's work on Dart, now called SIMD.js, has been adopted by ECMAScript and Intel announced at IDF 2013 that they are implementing McCutchan's specification for both V8 and SpiderMonkey. Core i9-11900 Integrated graphics chip moved from motherboard into the processor. In mathematics, a tuple of n numbers can be understood as the Cartesian coordinates of a location in a n These computers had many limited-functionality processors that would work in parallel. An integer (more commonly called an int) is a number without a decimal point. parameter in combination with size() as shown in the aboveexample. Translate, Rotate. In the real world, light reflects off objects differently, depending on their angle of reflection as well as the object's material. However, in 2006, Apple computers moved to Intel x86 processors. need something larger, use createGraphics to create a non-visible fabrication. an optical fiber, the gain bandwidth of an optical amplifier, the width of the range of some other phenomenon, e.g., a reflection, the phase matching of a nonlinear process, or some resonance, the maximum modulation frequency (or range of modulation frequencies) of an optical modulator, the range of frequencies in which some measurement apparatus (e.g., a power meter) can operate, This page was last edited on 13 November 2022, at 01:41. These coordinates map to the texture being applied. In the case of frequency response, degradation could, for example, mean more than 3dB below the maximum value or it could mean below a certain absolute value. Associative processing (predicated/masked SIMD), "Some Computer Organizations and Their Effectiveness", Subject: up to 1.4x RSA throughput using SSE2, "RyuJIT: The next-generation JIT compiler for .NET", "The JIT finally proposed. Hierarchical-Z compression and fast Z clear. https://processing.org/tutorials/p3d/. It is developed by a team of volunteers around the world. Second, you may have noticed we use the generic term, units, instead of pixels. future CSS3 specification. with the same name as your sketch folder. In WEBGL mode, there are currently 3 camera functions. For example: For more information on the camera in 3D, check out the excellent P3D tutorial here: https://processing.org/tutorials/p3d/. line. When sending e-mail, please put The solution is to include multiple versions of the same code that uses either older or newer SIMD technologies, and pick one that best fits the user's CPU at run-time (dynamic dispatch). the 5 February 2004 W3C in MediaWiki. For example, U+200B ZERO WIDTH SPACE was originally classified as a space character (General_Category=Zs), but it was reclassified as a Format character (General_Category=Cf) to clearly distinguish it from space characters in its function as a format control for line breaking. In this case, the filter bandwidth corresponds to the passband width, which in this example is the 1dB-bandwidth. 64, 128, 256 and 512 bits) and instruction sets, meaning that programmers must provide multiple implementations of vectorized code to operate optimally on any given CPU. Machines with different vector sizes would be able to run the same code. six parameters allows the line to be placed anywhere within XYZ space. W3C technical reports index at ). Processing is an open project initiated by Ben Fry and Casey Reas. function, place the size() function within the settings() {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {C} }} Core i7-11375H, c: .mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}^ Core configuration: Shading cores (ALU): Texture mapping units (TMU): Render output units (ROP): Ray tracing units (Tensor cores (XMX): Execution Units: Render Slices: Tiles), Intel 830 Chipset Family: 82830 Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH-M) Datasheet, Order Number 298338-003, January 2002 (section 5.8 "Clocking"), "xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel - Intel video driver", "mesa/mesa - The Mesa 3D Graphics Library", "Intel Graphics Built for mainstream Desktop and Mobile PC Users", "Mobile Intel 945 Express Chipset,Intel DVMT 3.0", "Intel's Next Generation Integrated Graphics Architecture Intel Graphics Media Accelerator X3000 and 3000", "Intel GMA 3000 and X3000 Developer's Guide", "Mobile Intel 965 Express Chipset Family Datasheet", "Intel 4 Series Chipset Family Datasheet", "Mobile Intel(R) 4 Series Express Chipset Family Datasheet", "Intel's Sandy Bridge Graphics Architecture", "Intel Integrated Graphics Developer's Guide", "Intel Releases OpenCL 1.2 Driver and Tools Update for Ivy Bridge and Haswell", "Intel's Haswell IGP to Feature DirectX 11.1, Increased Professional Application Support", "Intel Haswell Architecture Disclosure: Live Blog", "Release Notes (Driver Version: 15.33.53.5161", "Release Notes (Driver Version: 15.40.48.5171)", "Intel's Ivy Bridge Graphics Architecture", "Ark Processor Feature Filter HD Graphics 2500", "Intel Xeon Processor E3-1275 v2 (8M Cache, 3.50 GHz) Product Specifications", "The Bay Trail Preview: Intel Atom Z3770 Tested", "Intel Atom Processor Z3600 and Z3700 Series Datashee", "Intel Pentium Processor G3000 Series for Desktop Product Specifications", "The Compute Architecture of Intel Processor Graphics Gen7.5", "-NEW- Intel Iris, Iris Pro, and HD Graphics Production Driver for Windows* 10 64-bit 15.40.4.64.4256", "Release Notes Driver version: 15.33.22.3621", "The Compute Architecture of Intel Processor Graphics Gen8", "Vulkan 1.1 Support Lands In Mesa Git For RADV, ANV - Phoronix", "Intel(R) Graphics Compute Runtime for OpenCL(TM)", http://ark.intel.com/products/93361/Intel-Atom-x5-Z8350-Processor-2M-Cache-up-to-1_92-GHz, "The Compute Architecture of Intel Processor Graphics Gen9", "Programmer's Reference Manual for Skylake Volume 4: Configurations", "The Intel Skylake Mobile and Desktop Launch, with Architecture Analysis", "Programmer's Reference Manual for Kaby Lake Volume 4: Configurations", "Release Notes (Driver Version: 31.0.101.2114)", "Intel Processor Graphics Gen11 Architecture", "Release Notes (Driver Version: 31.0.101.3790)", "Intel Iris Xe MAX Graphics (96 EU) Product Specifications", "Product brief: The Intel 946GZ Express Chipset", "Mobile Intel 945 Express Chipset Family Datasheet", "Intel 946 Express Chipset Family Datasheet", "VR-Zone: Technology Beats Intel GM47 Mobile Chipset Delivers 2X Graphics Performance", "Intel Centrino Duo: new-generation mobility", "Quick Reference Guide to Intel Integrated Graphics", "Intel 82G965 Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) OpenGL Support", "Intel System Controller Hub (Intel SCH) Specification Update", "Getting the Most Out of Intel Graphics.ppt", "Release notes of Windows XP driver v14.36.3", "Release notes of Windows Vista driver v15.11.2", "Factsheet and white paper downloads - Imagination Technologies", "Intel Atom Processor Z670 (512K Cache, 1.50 GHz) Product Specifications", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units&oldid=1125557663, Articles with dead external links from March 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Optional external MPEG-2 decoder via Video Module Interface. For use in computing and networking expressed in bits per second, see, The information capacity of a channel depends on, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bandwidth_(signal_processing)&oldid=1121580765, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages that use a deprecated format of the math tags, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, the bandwidth of the output of some light source, e.g., an ASE source or a laser; the bandwidth of ultrashort optical pulses can be particularly large, the width of the frequency range that can be transmitted by some element, e.g. One was that many of the early SIMD instruction sets tended to slow overall performance of the system due to the re-use of existing floating point registers. This approach is not as compact as Vector processing but is still far better than non-predicated SIMD. Adoption of SIMD systems in personal computer software was at first slow, due to a number of problems. [21], In 2013 John McCutchan announced that he had created a high-performance interface to SIMD instruction sets for the Dart programming language, bringing the benefits of SIMD to web programs for the first time. DPABI is a GNU/GPL * toolbox for Data Processing & Analysis of Brain Imaging, evolved from DPARSF (Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI) [To post a comment, please reply to rfmri.org@gmail.com ABOVE this line] On Mon, Nov 30, 2015 at 04:11:27PM +0000, The R-fMRI Network wrote: Commented by (echoqiu77) Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) are often wide SIMD implementations, capable of branches, loads, and stores on 128 or 256 bits at a time. the text CSS21 in the subject, preferably like GCC and clang requires explicit target_clones labels in the code to "clone" functions,[19] while ICC does so automatically (under the command-line option /Qax). translations. We feel that centering objects by default makes more sense as a starting point for thinking about 3D space, and is especially fast if you want to draw a couple of geometric primitives, but if you prefer to move the origin back to the top left corner similar to 2D mode, simply apply a negative width and height translation: Calling translate(x,y,z), applies a transformation to the Model Matrix. To texture a beginShape() graphic you will need to pass in u,v coordinates. presentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices, One supports 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16, FP32, FP64, and transcendental math functions, and the other supports only 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16 and FP32. Generally, a download manager enables downloading of large files or multiples files in one session. You'll find a Pixlr image editor just for you! SIMD describes computers with multiple processing elements that perform the same operation on multiple #37). The current era of SIMD processors grew out of the desktop-computer market rather than the supercomputer market. However, this may change in the future. Thus the FP16 (or 16-bit integer) FLOPS is twice the FP32 (or 32-bit integer) FLOPS. Instances of these types are immutable and in optimized code are mapped directly to SIMD registers. This section describes the status of this document at the time Unfortunately, for legacy support reasons, the older versions cannot be retired. (unless they need features from CSS2 which have been dropped in in appendixC. Note: Several sections of this specification have been updated by other specifications. ARM's Scalable Vector Extension takes another approach, known in Flynn's Taxonomy as "Associative Processing", more commonly known today as "Predicated" (masked) SIMD. Future specs should refer to CSS2.1 Each EU contains 2 x 128-bit FPUs. Some This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Double peak performance per clock cycle compared to previous generation due to fused multiply-add instruction. Full-duplex operation is achieved on a two-wire circuit through the use of a hybrid coil in a telephone hybrid. If the maximum gain is 0dB, the 3dB bandwidth is the frequency range where attenuation is less than 3dB. Core i3-1115G4 rendering modes and sizes until you get what you're looking for. append() A BufferedReader object is used to read files line-by-line as individual String objects. Bus width Half precision (base) Single precision (base) Double precision (base) Arc 3 Intel graphic processing units employ the following techniques in hardware acceleration of digital video playback. SIMD on x86 had a slow start. Microsoft added SIMD to .NET in RyuJIT. Core i9-11900T, Pentium Gold 7505 Apple Computer had somewhat more success, even though they entered the SIMD market later than the rest. same number of pixels. Thus the FP16 (or 16-bit integer) FLOPS is twice the FP32 (or 32-bit integer) FLOPS. You can use the same fonts available to the 2d p5.js API, including the browser's built-in fonts (eg, 'mono', 'sans', etc). Ratio bandwidth is often expressed in octaves for wideband applications. On Windows 7, it is up to about 1.7GB through DVMT. This should draw a box in the center of your canvas. Fractional bandwidth is sometimes expressed as a percentage of the center frequency (percent bandwidth, In addition to Section 508, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 has several other sections:. structured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XML [5] For narrowband applications, there is only marginal difference between the two definitions. Programming with particular SIMD instruction sets can involve numerous low-level challenges. The Rust programming language also supports FMV. This effect is often perceived in the real world as being glassy, water-like, or perhaps in the above example, a billiards ball. This is created when you initialize WEBGL mode in createCanvas(). It more properly reflects the logarithmic relationship of fractional bandwidth with increasing frequency. A percent bandwidth of 100% corresponds to a ratio bandwidth of 3:1. Intel and AMD now both provide optimized math libraries that use SIMD instructions, and open source alternatives like libSIMD, SIMDx86 and SLEEF have started to appear (see also libm).[9]. There are advantages & disadvantages to both which are discussed below: You can draw your text to an offscreen renderer first, and then use it as a texture. At the time of this writing, p5.js supports video, image, and offscreen 2d renderers as textures in WEBGL mode. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. One of the recent processors to use vector processing is the Cell Processor developed by IBM in cooperation with Toshiba and Sony. For example, Intel's former 10 nm process actually has features (the tips of FinFET fins) with a width of 7 nm, Intel's former 10 nm process is similar in transistor density to TSMC's 7 nm processes, while GlobalFoundries' 12 and 14 nm processes have similar feature sizes. B and some properties related to user interface. This varies widely, so you'll have to try different "Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) The Official Definition", 3 Conformance: Requirements and Recommendations, 6 Assigning property values, Cascading, and Inheritance, Appendix D. Default style sheet for HTML 4, Appendix E. Elaborate description of Stacking Contexts, 1.4.1 Document language elements and attributes, 4.1.7 Rule sets, declaration blocks, and selectors, 4.4.1 Referring to characters not represented in a character encoding, 5.8.1 Matching attributes and attribute values, 6.1 Specified, computed, and actual values, 6.4.3 Calculating a selector's specificity, 6.4.4 Precedence of non-CSS presentational hints, 7.2 Specifying media-dependent style sheets, 8.2 Example of margins, padding, and borders, 8.6 The box model for inline elements in bidirectional context, 9.1 Introduction to the visual formatting model, 9.2.1 Block-level elements and block boxes, 9.2.2 Inline-level elements and inline boxes, 9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the, 9.7 Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float', 9.8 Comparison of normal flow, floats, and absolute positioning, 10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow, 10.3.4 Block-level, replaced elements in normal flow, 10.3.7 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements, 10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, 10.3.9 'Inline-block', non-replaced elements in normal flow, 10.3.10 'Inline-block', replaced elements in normal flow, 10.6.2 Inline replaced elements, block-level replaced elements in normal flow, 'inline-block' replaced elements in normal flow and floating replaced elements, 10.6.3 Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible', 10.6.4 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements, 10.6.5 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, 10.6.7 'Auto' heights for block formatting context roots, 12.4.3 Counters in elements with 'display: none', 13.2.2 Page selectors: selecting left, right, and first pages, 16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, striking, and blinking: the, 16.6.1 The 'white-space' processing model, 16.6.2 Example of bidirectionality with white space collapsing, 16.6.3 Control and combining characters' details, 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, 17.6.1.1 Borders and Backgrounds around empty cells: the, C.1.2 Section 9.2.4 The 'display' property, C.1.3 Section 12.2 The 'content' property, C.1.4 Section 16.6 White space: the 'white-space' property, C.1.5 Section 18.1 Cursors: the 'cursor' property, C.2.2 Section 1.2 Reading the specification, C.2.3 Section 1.3 How the specification is organized, C.2.13 Section 4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors, C.2.20 Section 4.4 CSS style sheet representation, C.2.21 Section 5.8.1 Matching attributes and attribute values, C.2.24 Section 5.10 Pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes, C.2.25 Section 5.11.2 The link pseudo-classes: :link and :visited, C.2.26 Section 5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :lang, C.2.27 Section 5.12.1 The :first-line pseudo-element, C.2.28 Section 5.12.2 The :first-letter pseudo-element, C.2.29 Section 6.1 Specified, computed, and actual values, C.2.31 Section 6.4.3 Calculating a selector's specificity, C.2.32 Section 6.4.4 Precedence of non-CSS presentational hints, C.2.33 Section 7.3 Recognized Media Types, C.2.40 Section 8.6 The box model for inline elements in bidirectional context, C.2.42 Section 9.2.1.1 Anonymous block boxes, C.2.43 Section 9.2.2.1 Anonymous inline boxes, C.2.45 Section 9.2.4 The 'display' property, C.2.46 Section 9.3.1 Choosing a positioning scheme, C.2.48 Section 9.4.1 Block formatting contexts, C.2.49 Section 9.4.2 Inline formatting context, C.2.50 Section 9.4.3 Relative positioning, C.2.52 Section 9.5.1 Positioning the float, C.2.53 Section 9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats, C.2.54 Section 9.7 Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float', C.2.57 Chapter 10 Visual formatting model details, C.2.58 Section 10.1 Definition of "containing block", C.2.60 Section 10.3 Calculating widths and margins, C.2.61 Section 10.3.2 Inline, replaced elements, C.2.62 Section 10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow, C.2.63 Section 10.3.4 Block-level, replaced elements in normal flow, C.2.64 Section 10.3.5 Floating, non-replaced elements, C.2.65 Section 10.3.6 Floating, replaced elements, C.2.66 Section 10.3.7 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements, C.2.67 Section 10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, C.2.68 Section 10.4 Minimum and maximum widths, C.2.70 Section 10.6 Calculating heights and margins, C.2.71 Section 10.6.1 Inline, non-replaced elements, C.2.72 Section 10.6.2 Inline replaced elements, block-level replaced elements in normal flow, 'inline-block' replaced elements in normal flow and floating replaced elements, C.2.73 Section 10.6.3 Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible', C.2.74 Section 10.6.4 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements, C.2.75 Section 10.6.5 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, C.2.76 Section 10.7 Minimum and maximum heights, C.2.77 Section 10.8 Line height calculations, C.2.78 Section 10.8.1 Leading and half-leading, C.2.79 Section 11.1 Overflow and clipping, C.2.81 Section 11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property, C.2.83 Chapter 12 Generated content, automatic numbering, and lists, C.2.84 Section 12.1 The :before and :after pseudo-elements, C.2.85 Section 12.2 The 'content' property, C.2.86 Section 12.3.2 Inserting quotes with the 'content' property, C.2.87 Section 12.4 Automatic counters and numbering, C.2.88 Section 12.4.1 Nested counters and scope, C.2.93 Section 13.3.1 Page break properties, C.2.94 Section 13.3.3 Allowed page breaks, C.2.95 Section 14.2.1 Background properties, C.2.98 Section 15.2 Font matching algorithm, C.2.105 Section 16.3.1 Underlining, over lining, striking, and blinking, C.2.106 Section 16.4 Letter and word spacing, C.2.111 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects, C.2.112 Section 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, C.2.113 Section 17.4.1 Caption position and alignment, C.2.114 Section 17.5 Visual layout of table contents, C.2.115 Section 17.5.1 Table layers and transparency, C.2.116 Section 17.5.2.1 Fixed table layout, C.2.117 Section 17.5.2.2 Automatic table layout, C.2.118 Section 17.5.3 Table height algorithms, C.2.119 Section 17.5.4 Horizontal alignment in a column, C.2.121 Section 17.6.1 The separated borders model, C.2.122 Section 17.6.1.1 Borders and Backgrounds around empty cells, C.2.123 Section 17.6.2 The collapsing border model, C.2.124 Section 17.6.2.1 Border conflict resolution, C.2.125 Section 18.1 Cursors: the 'cursor' property, C.2.127 Chapter 12 Generated content, automatic numbering, and lists, C.2.129 Appendix A Section 5 Pause properties, C.2.130 Appendix A Section 6 Cue properties, C.2.131 Appendix A Section 7 Mixing properties, C.3.12 Section 5.10 Pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes, C.3.15 Section 8.2 Example of margins, padding, and borders, C.3.16 Section 8.5.4 Border shorthand properties, C.3.17 Section 9.2.1 Block-level elements and block boxes, C.3.18 Section 9.3.1 Choosing a positioning scheme, C.3.20 Section 9.4.1 Block formatting contexts, C.3.21 Section 9.4.2 Inline formatting context, C.3.22 Section 9.4.3 Relative positioning, C.3.24 Section 9.5.1 Positioning the float, C.3.25 Section 9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats, C.3.27 Section 9.7 Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float', C.3.29 Section 10.1 Definition of "containing block", C.3.30 Section 10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow, C.3.31 Section 10.4 Minimum and maximum widths, C.3.32 Section 10.6.3 Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible', C.3.33 Section 10.7 Minimum and maximum heights, C.3.35 Section 11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property, C.3.40 Section 14.2.1 Background properties, C.3.41 Section 15.2 Font matching algorithm, C.3.46 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects, C.3.47 Section 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, C.3.48 Section 17.5 Visual layout of table contents, C.3.49 Section 17.5.1 Table layers and transparency, C.3.50 Section 17.6.1 The separated borders model, C.4.1 Section 2.1 A brief CSS2.1 tutorial for HTML, C.4.2 Section 2.2 A brief CSS2.1 tutorial for XML, C.4.3 Section2.3 The CSS2.1 processing model, C.4.8 Section 4.1.7 Rule sets, declaration blocks, and selectors, C.4.9 Section 4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors, C.4.10 Section 4.3.1 Integers and real numbers, C.4.14 Section 5.7 Adjacent sibling selectors, C.4.15 Section 5.8.1 Matching attributes and attribute values, C.4.16 Section 5.8.2 Default attribute values in DTDs, C.4.18 Section 5.11.3 The dynamic pseudo-classes: :hover, :active, and :focus, C.4.19 Section 5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :lang, C.4.20 Section 5.12.2 The :first-letter pseudo-element, C.4.26 Section 6.4.3 Calculating a selector's specificity, C.4.28 Section 7.3 Recognized media types, C.4.35 Section 9.2.4 The 'display' property, C.4.36 Section 9.3.1 Choosing a positioning scheme, C.4.38 Section 9.4.2 Inline formatting context, C.4.39 Section 9.4.3 Relative positioning, C.4.41 Section 9.5.1 Positioning the float, C.4.42 Section 9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats, C.4.43 Section 9.8 Comparison of normal flow, floats, and absolute positioning, C.4.44 Section 10.1 Definition of "containing block", C.4.46 Section 10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow, C.4.47 Section 10.3.8 Absolutely positioning, replaced elements, C.4.48 Section 10.4 Minimum and maximum widths, C.4.49 Section 10.6 Calculating heights and margins, C.4.50 Section 10.7 Minimum and maximum heights, C.4.51 Section 10.8 Line height calculations, C.4.52 Section 10.8.1 Leading and half-leading, C.4.53 Section 11.1 Overflow and clipping, C.4.57 Section 12.1 The :before and :after pseudo-elements, C.4.58 Section 12.2 The 'content' property, C.4.59 Section 12.3.2 Inserting quotes with the 'content' property, C.4.60 Section 12.4 Automatic counters and numbering, C.4.61 Section 12.4.3 Counters in elements with 'display: none', C.4.64 Section 15.2 Font matching algorithm, C.4.66 Section 15.3.1 Generic font families, C.4.73 Section 16.3.1 Underlining, over lining, striking, and blinking, C.4.76 Section 17.1 Introduction to tables, C.4.78 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects, C.4.79 Section 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, C.4.80 Section 17.5 Visual layout of table contents, C.4.81 Section 17.5.1 Table layers and transparency, C.4.82 Section 17.5.2 Table width algorithms, C.4.83 Section 17.5.2.1 Fixed table layout, C.4.84 Section 17.5.2.2 Automatic table layout, C.4.85 Section 17.5.4 Horizontal alignment in a column, C.4.86 Section 17.5.5 Dynamic row and column effects, C.4.87 Section 17.6.1 The separated borders model, C.4.88 Section 17.6.2 The collapsing borders model, C.4.91 Section 18.4.1 Outlines and the focus, C.4.92 Appendix D Default style sheet for HTML 4, C.5 Errata since the Candidate Recommendation of July 2007, C.5.2 Section2.3 The CSS2.1 processing model, C.5.5 Section4.1.2.2 Informative Historical Notes, C.5.11 Section4.1.7 Rule sets, declaration blocks, and selectors, C.5.12 Section4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors, C.5.13 Section4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors, C.5.16 Section5.8.1 Matching attributes and attribute values, C.5.17 Section 5.8.2 Default attribute values in DTDs, C.5.18 Section5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :lang, C.5.19 Section5.12.3 The :before and :after pseudo-elements, C.5.28 Section9.2.2 Inline-level elements and inline boxes, C.5.29 Section9.2.4 The 'display' property, C.5.30 Section9.3.2 Box offsets: 'top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left', C.5.33 Section9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the 'clear' property, C.5.35 Section9.9.1 Specifying the stack level: the 'z-index' property, C.5.36 Section10.1 Definition of "containing block", C.5.37 Section10.3 Calculating widths and margins, C.5.38 Section10.3.1 Inline, non-replaced elements, C.5.39 Section 10.3.2 Inline, replaced elements, C.5.40 Section 10.3.2 Inline, replaced elements, C.5.41 Section10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow, C.5.42 Section10.3.7 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements, C.5.43 Section10.3.7 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements, C.5.44 Section10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, C.5.45 Section10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, C.5.46 Section10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, C.5.47 Section10.5 Content height: the 'height' property, C.5.48 Section 10.6.2 Inline replaced elements [], C.5.49 Section10.6.4 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements, C.5.50 Section10.6.5 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements, C.5.51 Section 10.8.1 Leading and half-leading, C.5.52 Section11.1.1 Overflow: the 'overflow' property, C.5.53 Section11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property, C.5.54 Section12.2 The 'content' property, C.5.57 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.5.58 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.5.59 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.5.60 Section13.2 Page boxes: the @page rule, C.5.61 Section13.2.1.1 Rendering page boxes that do not fit a target sheet, C.5.62 Section13.2.3 Content outside the page box, C.5.63 Section13.3.1 Page break properties: 'page-break-before', 'page-break-after', 'page-break-inside', C.5.64 Section13.3.1 Page break properties: 'page-break-before', 'page-break-after', 'page-break-inside', C.5.65 Section13.3.2 Breaks inside elements: 'orphans', 'widows', C.5.66 Section13.3.2 Breaks inside elements: 'orphans', 'widows', C.5.67 Section13.3.3 Allowed page breaks, C.5.68 Section13.3.3 Allowed page breaks, C.5.69 Section13.3.3 Allowed page breaks, C.5.70 Section13.3.5 "Best" page breaks, C.5.73 Section 14.2.1 Background properties: 'background-color', 'background-image', 'background-repeat', 'background-attachment', 'background-position', and 'background', C.5.74 Section15.6 Font boldness: the 'font-weight' property, C.5.75 Section16.6 Whitespace: the 'white-space' property, C.5.76 Section16.6.1 The 'white-space' processing model, C.5.77 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects, C.5.78 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects, C.5.79 Section17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, C.5.80 Section17.5.4 Horizontal alignment in a column, C.5.81 Section18.1 Cursors: the 'cursor' property, C.5.82 Section B.2 Informative references, C.5.83 AppendixD. Default style sheet for HTML 4, C.5.84 AppendixD. Default style sheet for HTML 4, C.6 Errata since the Candidate Recommendation of April 2009, C.6.1 Section4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors, C.6.2 Section13.3.3 Allowed page breaks, C.6.3 Section15.3 Font family: the 'font-family' property, C.6.5 Section15.7 Font size: the 'font-size' property, C.6.6 Section17.5.2.1 Fixed table layout, C.6.7 Section17.5.3 Table height layout, C.7 Errata since the Candidate Recommendation of September 2009, C.7.7 Section4.1.2.2 Informative Historical Notes, C.7.10 Section4.1.8 Declarations and properties, C.7.11 Section4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors, C.7.16 Section5.8.2 Default attribute values in DTDs, C.7.17 Section5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :lang, C.7.19 Section5.12.1 The :first-line pseudo-element, C.7.20 Section5.12.2 The :first-letter pseudo-element, C.7.22 Section6.4.4 Precedence of non-CSS presentational hints, C.7.23 Section7.3 Recognized media types, C.7.26 Section9.2.1 Block-level elements and block boxes, C.7.27 Section9.2.1.1 Anonymous block boxes, C.7.28 Section9.2.1.1 Anonymous block boxes, C.7.29 Section9.2.1.1 Anonymous block boxes, C.7.30 Section9.2.1.1 Anonymous block boxes, C.7.31 Section9.2.2 Inline-level elements and inline boxes, C.7.33 Section9.2.4 The 'display' property, C.7.34 Section9.2.4 The 'display' property, C.7.37 Section9.3.2 Box offsets: 'top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left', C.7.40 Section9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the 'clear' property, C.7.41 Section9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the 'clear' property, C.7.42 Section9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the 'clear' property, C.7.43 Section9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the 'clear' property, C.7.44 Section14.2.1 Background properties, C.7.45 Section9.9.1 Specifying the stack level: the 'z-index' property, C.7.46 Section9.10 Text direction: the 'direction' and 'unicode-bidi' properties, C.7.47 Section9.10 Text direction: the 'direction' and 'unicode-bidi' properties, C.7.48 Section9.10 Text direction: the 'direction' and 'unicode-bidi' properties, C.7.49 Section10.1 Definition of "containing block", C.7.50 Section10.2 Content width: the 'width' property, C.7.51 Section10.2 Content width: the 'width' property, C.7.52 Section10.2 Content width: the 'width' property, C.7.53 Section10.5 Content height: the 'height' property, C.7.54 Section10.5 Content height: the 'height' property, C.7.55 Section10.6.7 'Auto' heights for block formatting context roots, C.7.56 Section10.7 Minimum and maximum heights: 'min-height' and 'max-height', C.7.57 Section10.8 Line height calculations: the 'line-height' and 'vertical-align' properties, C.7.58 Section10.8 Line height calculations: the 'line-height' and 'vertical-align' properties, C.7.59 Section10.8.1 Leading and half-leading, C.7.60 Section10.8.1 Leading and half-leading, C.7.61 Section10.8.1 Leading and half-leading, C.7.62 Section11.1 Overflow and clipping, C.7.63 Section11.1.1 Overflow: the 'overflow' property, C.7.64 Section11.1.1 Overflow: the 'overflow' property, C.7.65 Section11.1.1 Overflow: the 'overflow' property, C.7.66 Section11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property, C.7.68 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.7.69 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.7.70 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.7.71 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.7.72 Section12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.7.73 Section13.2 Page boxes: the @page rule, C.7.74 Section13.2.2 Page selectors: selecting left, right, and first pages, C.7.75 Section13.3.2 Breaks inside elements: 'orphans', 'widows', C.7.76 Section13.3.3 Allowed page breaks, C.7.77 Section15.3 Font family: the 'font-family' property, C.7.78 Section15.3.1 Generic font families, C.7.79 Section15.6 Font boldness: the 'font-weight' property, C.7.80 Section15.6 Font boldness: the 'font-weight' property, C.7.81 Section15.7 Font size: the 'font-size' property, C.7.82 Section16.1 Indentation: the 'text-indent' property, C.7.83 Section16.1 Indentation: the 'text-indent' property, C.7.84 Section16.2 Alignment: the 'text-align' property, C.7.85 Section16.2 Alignment: the 'text-align' property, C.7.86 Section16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, striking, and blinking: the 'text-decoration' property, C.7.87 Section16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, striking, and blinking: the 'text-decoration' property, C.7.88 Section16.4 Letter and word spacing: the 'letter-spacing' and 'word-spacing' properties, C.7.89 Section16.6 White space: the 'white-space' property, C.7.90 Section16.6.1 The 'white-space' processing model, C.7.91 Section16.6.1 The 'white-space' processing model, C.7.92 Section16.6.1 The 'white-space' processing model, C.7.94 Section17.2.1 Anonymous table objects, C.7.95 Section17.2.1 Anonymous table objects, C.7.96 Section17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, C.7.97 Section17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, C.7.98 Section17.5.2.2 Automatic table layout, C.7.99 Section17.5.3 Table height algorithms, C.7.100 Section17.5.4 Horizontal alignment in a column, C.7.101 SectionB.2 Informative references, C.7.102 SectionD. Default style sheet for HTML 4, C.8 Changes since the working draft of 7 December 2010, C.8.3 10.3 Calculating widths and margins, C.8.5 11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property, C.8.8 10.1 Definition of "containing block", C.8.9 13.2.2 Page selectors: selecting left, right, and first pages, C.8.11 10.8 Line height calculations: the 'line-height' and 'vertical-align' properties, C.8.13 10.6.1 Inline, non-replaced elements, C.8.14 9.5.1 Positioning the float: the 'float' property, C.8.16 5.12.1 The :first-line pseudo-element, C.8.17 16.6 White space: the 'white-space' property, C.8.18 12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.8.19 9.7 Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float', C.8.22 12.5.1 Lists: the 'list-style-type', 'list-style-image', 'list-style-position', and 'list-style' properties, C.8.23 9.5.1 Positioning the float: the 'float' property, C.8.25 9.10 Text direction: the 'direction' and 'unicode-bidi' properties, C.8.26 16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, striking, and blinking: the 'text-decoration' property, C.8.27 16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, striking, and blinking: the 'text-decoration' property, C.8.28 10.4 Minimum and maximum widths: 'min-width' and 'max-width', C.8.29 9.3.2 Box offsets: 'top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left', C.8.31 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model, C.8.32 11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property, C.8.35 4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors, C.8.39 11.1.1 Overflow: the 'overflow' property, C.8.41 16.2 Alignment: the 'text-align' property, C.8.47 14.2.1 Background properties: 'background-color', 'background-image', 'background-repeat', 'background-attachment', 'background-position', and 'background', C.8.51 Section9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the 'clear' property, C.8.53 Section9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the 'clear' property, C.8.55 10.6.3 Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible', G.3 Comparison of tokenization in CSS2.1 and CSS1. 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